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Greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum is a major pest of horticultural and ornamental plants and is usually controlled with insecticides or biological control agents. In the current study, we examined the effects of synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and Beauveria bassiana TS11 on T. vaporariorum adults. ZnO NPs were synthesized by precipitation method. Field emission scanning electron microscope images indicated that ZnO NPs were noncompacted uniformly. X-ray diffraction results confirmed the hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO NPs. Fourier transform infrared analysis showed an intense absorption peak at a range of 434-555 cm -1 related to Zn-O bond. In bioassays, adults were exposed to different concentrations of ZnO NPs (3, 5, 10, 15, 20 , 10 7 , 10 8 spor ml -1 ). Vrednosti LC 50 so bile za nano delce ZnO 7.35 mg l -1 in 3.28×10 5 ml -1 za trose glive. Smrtnost, ki je bila dosežena pri največjih koncentracijah nano delcev ZnO in trosov glive je znašala 91.6 % in 88.8 %. Ti izsledki kažejo pozitivni učinek obeh pripravkov na smrtnost odraslih osebkov rastlinjakovega ščitkarja. Glede na to, da je bila raziskava opravljena v laboratoriju je potrebno v bodoče opraviti še več raziskav v realnih razmerah.

Effects of Teucrium polium L. (Lamiaceae) essential oil and α-pinene on the detoxifying-and intermediary engaged enzymes of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller, 1879 (Lep.: Pyralidae)Abstract: This study investigated the effect of Teucrium polium L. essential oil (Tp EO) and α-pinene as its major component on the detoxifying-and intermediary-engaged enzymes of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller. Fourth instar larvae were separately fed on the treated artificial diets incorporated with LC 50 concentration of Tp EO (4.91 μl ml −1 ) and α-pinene (10.66 μl ml −1 ). After three time intervals (24, 48, 72 hours), larval hemolymph was extracted to determine enzymatic activities. Activity of esterase, alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, aldolase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase were decreased in the treatments compared with the control. No significant differences were observed between some enzymes in the treated larvae highlighting their ineffectively role to detoxify and to metabolize Tp EO and α-pinene in the hemolyph of E. kuehniella larvae. Učinki eteričnih olj in α-pinena iz istrskega vrednika (Teucrium polium L.) na razstrupljevanje in aktivnosti pri tem sodelujočih encimov močne vešče (Ephestia kuehniella Zeller, 1879, Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)Izvleček: V raziskavi so bili preučevani učinki eteričnih olj in α-pinena kot njihove glavne sestavine iz istrskega vrednika (Teucrium polium L., Tp EO) na njihovo razstrupljanje in aktivnosti pri tem udeleženih encimv močne vešče (Ephestia kuehniella Zeller, 1879). Ličinke četrtega štadija so bile hranjene z umetnimi pripravki, ki so vsebovali LC 50 koncentracijo Tp EO (4,91 μl ml −1 ) in α-pinena (10,66 μl ml −1 ). Po treh časovnih presledkih (24, 48, 72 ur) je bila za določanje encimske aktivnosti ekstrahirana hemolimfa ličink. Aktivnosti esteraze, alanin in aspartat aminotransferaz, aldolaze, laktat dehidrogenaze in alkalne fofataze so se zmanjšale po obravnavanjih v primerjavi s kontrolo. Pri tretiranih larvah ni bilo značilnih razlik med posameznimi encimi, kar kaže na neučinkovitost fiziologije močne vešče pri tretiranju s Tp EO ali z α-pinenom.Ključne besede: Teucrium polium L.; močna vešča; eterična olja; detoksifikacijski encimi; fenoloksidaza; toksičnost; fiziološki odziv Acta agriculturae Slovenica, 113/2 -2019 252 M. SHAHRIARI et al.