Aims: Iraqi montmorillonite was saturated with iron (III) to investigate the improvement in the adsorption efficiency towards the antibiotics represented by oxytetracycline Methods Design of Experiments was carried out to determine the effect of experimental conditions: initial oxytetracycline molarity concentration (0.1-1.0 mM), montmorillonite content (0.5 – 10 g/L) and the pH value of the solution (3-10) on the adsorption efficiency. Batch equilibration runs were also conducted to study the adsorption of OTC in aqueous solutions onto the modified clay mineral powder for 24 hours. The UV absorption of the residual material at 360 nm was employed to determine the remaining oxytetracycline after equilibration for 24 hours. The iron introduction into montmorillonite resulted in enhancement of adsorption efficiency towards oxytetracycline which may be related to the possibility of stable complex with Fe(III) to make a 1:3 complex with it. Results: On using the optimum conditions, a mathematical model simulating the operation for the treatment was obtained as follows: Eff % =-0.467+0.160 m + 0.839Co +0.126 pH - 0.046 m.Co + 0.041 Co 2 - 0.071 Co.pH Experimentally the OTC concentration could be decreased from 0.5 down to 0.03 mM in synthetic wastewater at a pH value of 5.5 by sorption onto 6.85g.L−1 clay (montmorillonite)/L. Conclusion: The treatment with iron allows the use of lower clay material to perform the OTC removal.
This research aims to investigate the thermal performance of different thermal composite insulators, wrapped around a closed-loop copper pipe (CLP). To achieve this aim a system was designed and manufactured. It is consisted of closed water tank insulated by Rock Wool, and supplied with two electric heaters, two thermostat, a flow meter, a water pump, digital temperature scales, and four series of (CLP).Six insulators were prepared namely; composites of Impregnated Fiberglass with Elastoclad and foaming Rubber (FER), Impregnated Fiberglass with Elastoclad resin and Polymeric Membrane (FEM), Impregnated Fiberglass with Polyurethane thermoset resin and Foaming Rubber (FUR), Impregnated Fiberglass with Polyurethane thermoset resin and Polymeric Membrane (FUM), Fiberglass woven tape (F) , and foaming rubber tape (R). Thermal conductivities of all composite specimens were measured by Lee's Disc device and their thermal performances were evaluated by measuring inlet and outlet temperature ΔTw at different flow rates. It was found from all test results that ΔTw decreased as flow rate increased.The optimum result was obtained for the (FER) insulator at flow rate 8 L/min where ΔTw = 0.8 oC (efficiency η = 99 %).Thermal efficiency of the prepared insulators was according to the following sequence:FER > FEM > FUR > FUM >R > F
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