IMPORTANCE Body mass index (BMI) is used to diagnose obesity in adolescents worldwide, despite evidence that weight does not scale with height squared in adolescents. To account for this, health care providers diagnose obesity using BMI percentiles for each age (BMI z scores), but this does not ensure that BMI is accurate in adolescents.OBJECTIVE To compare the accuracy of BMI vs other body fat indices of the form body mass divided by height n in estimating body fat levels in adolescents.

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This paper assesses the use of certified Iraqi montmorillonite clay as a potential sorbent for the removal of oxytetracycline (OTC) from aqueous solutions. The clay is characterized by a cation exchange capacity of 0.756 meq g -1 and a zero point charge at pH 8.7. Aqueous solutions of OTC were equilibrated with montmorillonite under various experimental conditions, such as OTC concentration, pH and clay content, for 24 h at fixed ionic strength. Two forms of montmorillonite were evaluated: regular and iron-modified form. The effect of pH was minor on OTC adsorption. Kinetic study revealed that the sorption follows a pseudo-second-order model. Sorption isotherm showed a good fit with the Freundlich model. OTC sorption onto Fe-saturated montmorillonite was analyzed statistically using a response surface design to study the effects of experimental conditions. The introduction of iron improved the adsorption characteristics of the clay due to the ability of ferric ions to make stable complexes with OTC. The most favorable operating conditions for the treatment were deemed as follows: clay content, 6.85 g L -1 , oxytetracycline concentration, 1.0 mmol L -1 and pH, 5.5 for the iron-modified form.

Centenarians constitute a significant subpopulation in the Bama County of Guangxi province in China. The beneficial effects of intestinal microbiota, especially bifidobacteria of centenarians, have been widely accepted; however, knowledge about Bifidobacterium species in centenarians is not adequate. The aim of this study was to investigate the quantity and prevalence of fecal Bifidobacterium in healthy longevous individuals. Fecal samples from eight centenarians from Bama (aged 100 to 108 years), eight younger elderlies from Bama (aged 80 to 99 years), and eight younger elderlies from Nanning (aged 80 to 99 years) were analyzed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, species-specific clone library, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction technology (qPCR). A total of eight different Bifidobacterium species were detected. B. dentium, B. longum, B. thermophilum, B. pseudocatenulatum/B. catenulatum, and B. adolescentis were common in fecal of centenarians and young elderly. B. minimum, B. saecularmay/B. pullorum/B. gallinarum, and B. mongoliense were found in centenarians but were absent in the younger elderlies. In addition, Bifidobacterium species found in centenarians were different from those found in Bama young elderly and Nanning young elderly, and the principal differences were the significant increase in the population of B. longum (P < 0.05) and B. dentium (P < 0.05) and the reduction in the frequency of B. adolescentis (P < 0.05), respectively. Centenarians tend to have more complex fecal Bifidobacterium species than young elderlies from different regions.

Aims:The specific objective of this ongoing investigation is to assess various menu manipulations and nutrition labelling to determine if they can effectively guide the older adult consumer to select healthier food items from a menu offering meals with differing nutritional attributes. Methods:One of three randomly assigned menus and a questionnaire were distributed to 150 senior adults (> 60 years of age) living in three assisted living residences, three congregate senior day programmes, and one senior church group in New Jersey, USA. A generic control menu, a treatment menu that used various merchandizing tools to promote the healthier menu items and the same treatment menu with nutritional labels added were designed. Participants selected their top five choices and then answered a short questionnaire, which surveyed demographics and menu selection background information.Results: The researchers found that certain menu merchandizing tools were effective, while nutrition labelling did not have a substantial effect for this population.

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Uranium(VI) / Sorption / Desorption / SilicaSummary. Sorption of U(VI) on silica was investigated as functions of contact time, pH, ionic strength, solid-toliquid ratio (m/V ) and U(VI) concentration by using a batch experimental method. It was found that sorption kinetics is relatively rapid and 1 h is sufficient to reach sorption steady state. The sorption of U(VI) increases from about 0 to 100% with pH over the range of 2.8 to 5.8. Sorption isotherms were collected at pH 4.3 and three ionic strengths (0.01, 0.1 and 0.5 mol/L NaCl). It was found that the sorption of U(VI) increases with decreasing ionic strength at pH 4.3 and relatively low U(VI) concentrations. The sorption of U(VI) with variable m/V at pH 4.2 and initial U(VI) concentration of 1.03 × 10 −4 mol/L indicated that the U(VI) distribution coefficient increases slightly with the increase of m/V over the range of 1 to 100 g/L. Desorption was performed by dilution of aqueous U(VI) concentration for desorption isotherms and by pH adjustment of the suspension for pH desorption edges. It was found that sorption/desorption is reversible with respect to aqueous pH values, whereas a hysteresis was found for desorption isotherms. All equilibrium data were fitted with a surface complexation model. A mononuclear inner-sphere surface complex ≡SOUO 2 + and a polynuclear surface complex ≡SO(UO 2 ) 3 (OH) 5 were used to quantitatively interpret sorption of U(VI) on silica.

Objectives-To examine the independent and joint effects of psychosocial chronic and acute stressors with weight status and to report the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for BMI.Methods-Baseline data on 2782 employees from a group-randomized weight gain prevention intervention were examined to investigate the effect of high job strain and job insecurity on body mass index (BMI) and on the odds of overweight/obesity including potential confounders and mediating variables. Data were analyzed using mixed models.Results-The mediating variables removed the effect of high job strain on weight (β = 0.68, p = 0.07; OR = 1.34, CI = 1.00, 1.80) while job insecurity was never significant. ICC for BMI is 0.0195, 0.0193 and 0.0346 overall, for men and women, respectively. Conclusion-Worksite wellness should target health enhancing behaviors to minimize the health effects of psychosocial work conditions.