Red yeast antagonist Rhodotorula rubra strain TG-1 was isolated from the tissue of sample rice plant in Uzbekistan. Strain TG-1 was transferred into plant vascular system by stem inoculation into rice plant. The antimicrobial activity of strain TG-1 against several pathogenic fungal and bacterial plant pathogens, including Fusarium genus strains and Xanthomonas malvacearum strains were determined. The combination of yeast strain TG-1 as a pathogens antagonist and the exfoliated vermiculite is able to increase the growth stimulating property on the cotton seed, and protect the plant from diseases. From the red pigmented TG-1 strain, was isolated non-pigmented stable mutant, which acquired yeast vigor ability. Plant tissue may emerge as a potential source for novel endophytes with a broad spectrum of inhibitory activity against pathogens.
Several human pathogens and plants can have close connection. A plant is not traditionally considered as a niche for human pathogen. But the literature data attest that many members of the family Enterobacteriaceae including pathogenic Salmonella and Shigella genus strains, Vibrio cholerae strains and the human opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa were found on plants or inside plants. Salmonella enterica strains have been isolated as endophytic colonizers of barley roots, spreading to the rhizodermis layers [1]. Salmonella not only passively survive, but also actively infects plants as alternative host [2]. Internalization of E. coli O157: H7 and Salmonella spp. in plants was presented by Deering et al. [3].
Why and how our living-bodies, such as human beings, have been originated from a barely non-life planet into the highly-intelligent life existing Earth have been interested and pursued by large population of readers and investigators. The main genetic material that leads to origin of life is the longstanding-dispute among researchers. There are three main categories of life origin theories, RNA world, alternative RNA world, and we herein suggest a new cooperative model of most genetic materials participation system based on our new systematic and logic deduction.
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