Human Pathogens - The Plant And Useful Endophytes

Abstract

Several human pathogens and plants can have close connection. A plant is not traditionally considered as a niche for human pathogen. But the literature data attest that many members of the family Enterobacteriaceae including pathogenic Salmonella and Shigella genus strains, Vibrio cholerae strains and the human opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa were found on plants or inside plants. Salmonella enterica strains have been isolated as endophytic colonizers of barley roots, spreading to the rhizodermis layers [1]. Salmonella not only passively survive, but also actively infects plants as alternative host [2]. Internalization of E. coli O157: H7 and Salmonella spp. in plants was presented by Deering et al. [3].

Phylogenetic Analysis and Antimicrobial Profiles of Cultured Emerging Opportunistic Pathogens (Phyla Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria) Identified in Hot Springs

“…In several earlier reviews on emerging waterborne pathogens, Legionella and Enterobacter sakazakii [ 1 ] were mentioned. The latter, later renamed Cronobacter sakazakii , was isolated in baby formula and is an emerging pathogen of infants and neonates [ 14 , 15 , 16 ]. On the other hand, opportunistic pathogens are described as pathogens causing infections that exploit opportunities not normally available, such as a host with a weakened immune system, an altered microbiota (such as a disrupted gut flora), or breached integumentary barriers [ 17 ].…”

“…On the other hand, opportunistic pathogens are described as pathogens causing infections that exploit opportunities not normally available, such as a host with a weakened immune system, an altered microbiota (such as a disrupted gut flora), or breached integumentary barriers [ 17 ]. Pathogens that are both opportunistic and emerging, including Pseudomonas and Ralstonia [ 16 ] Kocuria [ 18 , 19 ], Sphingomonas [ 20 ] and Cupriavidus [ 21 ], have been described in more recent publications.…”

“…from wastewater [ 31 ]. Not only do they exist ubiquitously in the environment, but interestingly they are also found in the rhizosphere microbiome, and on or within plants, and play a role in the production of plant growth factors [ 16 , 23 ].…”

Bacterial endophytes in agricultural crops and their role in stress tolerance: a review

“…Pathogenic bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae including pathogenic Salmonella genus strains, Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae strains, and the human opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa were described as endophytic colonizers of plants (Kutter et al, 2006;Schikora et al, 2008;Deering et al, 2012;Akhtyamova, 2013). The colonization of plants by the human pathogens may be associated with the use of manures contaminated with faecal bacteria (Brandl, 2006;Holden et al, 2009), as well as the use of practices that lead to decline in soil and endophytic microbial populations and a reduced number and abundance of species antagonistic to the human pathogens (Latz et al, 2012).…”

Role of Endophytes in Agricultural Crops Under Drought Stress: Current and Future Prospects

“…The importance of agricultural practices that maintain natural diversity of plant endophytic bacteria is emphasized by the observations that agricultural plants may become a niche for human pathogens and a source for outbreaks of foodborne illness 38 . Pathogenic bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae including pathogenic Salmonella genus strains, Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae strains, and the human opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa were described as endophytic colonizers of plants 39,40,41,42 . The colonization of plants by the human pathogens may be associated with the use of manures contaminated with faecal bacteria 38 , as well as the use of practices that lead to decline in soil and endophytic microbial populations and a reduced number and abundance of species antagonistic to the human pathogens 43 .…”