Phylogenetic Analysis and Antimicrobial Profiles of Cultured Emerging Opportunistic Pathogens (Phyla Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria) Identified in Hot Springs

Jardine, Jocelyn Leonie; Abia, Akebe Luther King; Mavumengwana, Vuyo; Ubomba-Jaswa, Eunice

doi:10.3390/ijerph14091070

Cited by 38 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 84 publications

(101 reference statements)

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“…5. Integrating our present results with previous reports (8,29,30,37), the ancestral Cronobacter strain harboring the subtype I-E and I-F CRISPR-Cas systems likely originated from water approximately 521.6 thousand years ago. Approximately 51.8 thousand years later, this ancestral strain underwent species level directional divergence into two lineages under environmental selective pressure (15,23).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Reconstituting the History of Cronobacter Evolution Driven by Differentiated CRISPR Activity

Zeng¹,

Zhang²,

Wu³

et al. 2018

Appl Environ Microbiol

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strains harboring the CRISPR-Cas system are important foodborne pathogens causing serious neonatal infections. However, the specific role of the CRISPR-Cas system in bacterial evolution remains relatively unexplored. In this study, we investigated the impact of CRISPR-Cas in evolution and obtained 137 new whole-genome sequences of by next-generation sequencing technology. Among the strains examined (n=240), 90.6% (193/213) of prevalent species ,, and strains had intact CRISPR-Cas systems. Two rare species, (n=2) and (n=6), lacked and preserved the CRISPR-Cas system at a low frequency (1/6), respectively. These results suggest that the presence of one CRISPR-Cas system in is important for the species to maintain genome homeostasis for survival. The ancestral strain was likely to harbored both subtype I-E and I-F CRISPR-Cas systems, during the long evolutionary process, subtype I-E was retained, while subtype I-F selectively degenerated in species and was even lost in the major pathovars. Moreover, significantly higher CRISPR activity was observed in plant-associated species than in the virulence-related species and Similar spacers of CRISPR arrays were rarely found among species, suggesting intensive change through adaptive acquisition and loss. Differentiated CRISPR activity appears to be the product of environmental selective pressure and might contribute to the bidirectional divergence and speciation of This study reports the evolutionary history of under the selective pressure of the CRISPR-Cas system. One CRISPR-Cas system in is important for maintaining genome homeostasis, whereas two types of systems may be redundant and not conducive for acquiring beneficial DNA for environmental adaption and pathogenicity. Differentiated CRISPR activity has contributed to the bidirectional divergence and genetic diversity of This perspective makes a significant contribution to the literature by providing new insights into CRISPR-Cas systems in general, while further expanding the roles of CRISPR beyond conferring adaptive immunity and demonstrating a link to adaptation and species divergence in a genus. Moreover, our study provides new insights into the balance between genome homeostasis and the uptake of beneficial DNA related to CRISPR-based activity in the evolution of .

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Reconstituting the History of Cronobacter Evolution Driven by Differentiated CRISPR Activity

Zeng¹,

Zhang²,

Wu³

et al. 2018

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…The presence of genus Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, and Rhodococcus as thermotolerant aquatic bacteria in this study was supported by the work of Kumar et al (2014). Caulobacter and Sphingomonas also had been isolated from hot springs (Jardine, et al, 2017;Song, et al, 2013). This non-spore forming bacteria along with Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Bosea, and Novosphingobium have high tolerance to high temperature.…”

Section: Isolation and 16s Rrna Analysissupporting

confidence: 64%

Screening of Bacteria Producing Asparaginase Free of Glutaminase and Urease from Hot Springs in West Sulawesi

Setiawan

Larasati

2019

J Bio Bio Edu

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L-asparaginase catalyzes the hydrolysis of asparagine into ammonia and aspartate. It has been used in chemotherapy for patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. L-asparaginase presents in animal, plant and microorganism. Long-term application of this enzyme can induce neurotoxicity due to the affinity towards glutamine and urea. The aim of this research was to find new source of glutaminase and urease-free asparaginase from bacteria. Bacteria were isolated from hot springs located in West Sulawesi using R2A media. The identification was employed by amplifying 16S rRNA gene. Screening of asparaginase was conducted using asparagine as single source of Nitrogen. Out of 21 isolates, 76% were Gram-negatives from the genus of Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Bosea, Caulobacter, Sphingomonas and Novosphingobium, while the rest of them were Gram-positives from the genus of Mycobacterium, Brachybacterium, Rhodococcus, and Staphylococcus. Twelve isolates which showed asparaginase activity were Caulobacter flavus HS1YWS2 and HS1XWS3, Acinetobacter sp. HS2XWS5, HS2XWS6, HS2XWS8, HS2YWS11, HS2YWS12, HS2YWS13, HS2ZWS14, HS2ZWS15 and HS2ZWS16. Isolates HS1YWS2 and HS1XWS3 were free of glutaminase and urease and showed the highest activity. This study was the first report of asparaginase activity from Caulobacter flavus. This result can further be used to explore the ability of asparaginase free of glutaminase and urease to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

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“…Jardine et al 2017, showed the emergence of antibiotic resistance in isolates which were identified as opportunistic food bore pathogens such as Arthrobacter sp., Kocuria sp. and Hafnia sp [15]. However these three isolates have been isolated at 37°C and also literature search suggests that none of these species or genus are ever reported from hot springs, which possibly indicate that the thermophiles from hot springs are antibiotic susceptible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and Hafnia sp. from hot springs [15]. Thus, the study on antibiotic resistance profile and their possible mechanisms would have an escalating scope.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity analysis and metagenomic insights into the Antibiotic Resistance and Metal Resistances among Hot Spring Bacteriobiome-insinuating inherent environmental baseline levels of Antibiotic and Metal tolerance

Das

et al. 2019

Preprint

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34Mechanisms of occurrence and expressions of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in 35 thermophilic bacteria are still unknown owing to limited research and data. The evolution and 36 proliferation of ARGs in the thermophilic bacteria is unclear and needs a comprehensive study. 37 In this research, comparative profiling of antibiotic resistance genes and metal tolerance genes 38 among the thermophilic bacteria has been done by culture-independent functional metagenomic 39 methods. Metagenomic analysis showed the dominance of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria. 40 Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in these hot springs. ARG analysis through shotgun gene 41 sequencing was found to be negative in case of thermophilic bacteria. However, few of genes 42 were detected but they were showing maximum similarity with mesophilic bacteria. 43Concurrently, metal resistance genes were also detected in the metagenome sequence of hot 44 springs. Detection of metal resistance gene and absence of ARG's investigated by whole genome 45 sequencing, in the reference genome sequence of thermophilic Geobacillus also conveyed the 46 same message. This evolutionary selection of metal resistance over antibiotic genes may have 47 been necessary to survive in the geological craters which are full of different metals from earth 48 sediments rather than antibiotics. Furthermore, the selection could be environment driven 49 depending on the susceptibility of ARG's in thermophilic environment as it reduces the chances 50 of horizontal gene transfer. With these findings this article highlights many theories and 51 culminates different scopes to study these aspects in thermophiles. 52 53 54 55 56 58The generic term "antibiotic" is used to denote any class of chemotherapeutic agents that inhibits 59 or kills microbes (pathogens) by specific interactions with microbial targets [1]. However, the 60 increasing rate of antibiotic resistance in microorganisms is a critical challenge to public health 61 [2-4]. The spread of antibiotic-resistant superbug is posing a threat to morbidity and mortality 62 worldwide [5]. The potential clinical threat of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has abled to gain 63 attention with a focus on the identification and management of environmental reservoirs of 64 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Though antibiotic resistance occurs naturally, human activity 65 including misuse or overuse of antibiotics has exacerbated the scenario. Pathogenic and non-66 pathogenic bacteria belonging to the mesophilic world has been extensively studied in terms of 67 antibiotic resistance. However, researchers have paid very less attention to antibiotic resistance 68 in thermophilic bacteria. The distribution of ARGs and their antibiotic resistance profile needs 69 attention to avert the possible emergence of an opportunistic pathogen of thermophilic origin. 70 Extensive application of thermophilic bacteria in biotechnological and industrial fields also 71 supports the possibility of future pathogenic emergence with high antibiotic resistan...

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Phylogenetic Analysis and Antimicrobial Profiles of Cultured Emerging Opportunistic Pathogens (Phyla Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria) Identified in Hot Springs

Cited by 38 publications

References 84 publications

Reconstituting the History of Cronobacter Evolution Driven by Differentiated CRISPR Activity

Reconstituting the History of Cronobacter Evolution Driven by Differentiated CRISPR Activity

Screening of Bacteria Producing Asparaginase Free of Glutaminase and Urease from Hot Springs in West Sulawesi

Diversity analysis and metagenomic insights into the Antibiotic Resistance and Metal Resistances among Hot Spring Bacteriobiome-insinuating inherent environmental baseline levels of Antibiotic and Metal tolerance

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