LeptinLevel Background: Investigating adipocytokine leptin (Lep) levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and their association with 6 anthropometry, lipid profile parameters could lead to understanding the role of Lep in T2DM and related risk of cardiovascular complications; Moreover, could further help prevention and management of these complications. Aim: The current study's objectives are to examine the association between blood levels of adipocytokine leptin (Lep) and the risk of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease in Sudanese patients with T2DM. Materials and method: During the period of April 2012 and March 2013, a case-control study was conducted in Central Sudan. The study involved 300 participants who met the inclusion criteria and were divided equally into diabetes, diabetic hypertension (HTN), and non-diabetic non hypertensive (NDNH) groups to estimate FPG, HbA1C, lipid profile levels of total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) and, Lep. A questionnaire was completed, which included personal, clinical and anthropometric data beside biochemical measurements. Each respondent gave verbal consent and venous blood was drawn after an overnight fast. The statistical analysis was done with the help of statistical software for social sciences (SPSS version 16, Chicago, IL, USA). Results: Women represented 74% and men were 26%. Diabetic hypertensive group include the oldest participant who's their age ranged from 40-65 years and had the highest body weight 80.28kg, WC 104.14cm, BMI 31.65, SBP 128.10 mmHg and DBP 81.40mmHg.Diabetic and diabetic hypertensive had significant (p<0.0001) high mean level of FPG (215.33±9.93 mg/dl, and 164.63±6.65 mg/dl respectively).HbA1C mean concentration (8.32±0.29%) was significantly high in diabetic by (p=0.012) compared with diabetic hypertensive groups. Lep increased significantly between the three groups by (p<0.0001) and the diabetic hypertensive group had the highest mean level (1.79±0.11 ng/ mL). Lep/BMI ratio increased significantly between the three groups by (p<0.0001); diabetics had the highest mean level (0.06±0.004). HDL-C decreased significantly between the three groups, by (p=0.035). SBP and DBP increasesd significantly between the three groups by (p<0.0001
Background: It is debatable if the mother's iron level affects the fetal red blood cell parameters and whether the fetus' blood develops independently of the mother. When diagnosing and monitoring newborn anemia, the values of hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrits (HCT) were involved. Neonatal hematological illness is typically diagnosed using samples of umbilical cord blood. Objective: The objective of this research was to determine whether or not there is a relationship between maternal and cord blood red cell parameters. Methods: At the Al-Fashir Maternal Hospital in North Darfur, Sudan, a cross-sectional study was carried out, including 100 mothers who were giving birth between January and March 2015. In an EDTA-containing tube, three milliliters of venous blood were drawn to measure the mothers' red blood cell parameters prior to birth. Immediately upon delivery, the babies' umbilical cords were clamped and the babies' end of the cord was cut in order to collect five milliliters of cord blood. Hematological parameters were measured using a conventional coulter gram, comprising measurements of hemoglobin (Hb), RBC count, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. Results: 100 samples of umbilical cord blood and 100 samples of maternal blood were combined for the analysis. All of the red blood cell characteristics, with the exception of MCHC, were discovered to be higher in the cord blood samples than the maternal blood samples. Statistics showed that the difference was significant. While 59 (59%) of the moms had normal red blood cell characteristics, 41 (41%) of the mothers were anemic. There were no statistically significant differences between newborns with anemic mothers and those with normal mothers when red blood cell parameters were compared. Red cell indices for mothers and neonates did not correlate statistically significantly, including Hb (r=0.13, P-value: 0.2), HCT (r=0.1, P-value: 0.24), RBCs (r= 0.1, P-value: 0.29), MCV (r=0.06, P-value: 0.54), MCH (r= 0.07, P-value: 0.48), MCHC (r= 0.09, P-value: 0.36), RDW-SD (r=0.09, P-value: 0.32) and RDW-CV (r=0.08, P-value: 0.46). There was no significant variance between the red blood cell parameters of male neonates (46%) and female neonates (54%) as well as the link between the red blood cell parameters of cord blood and mothers' ages. Conclusion: Maternal and cord blood red cell parameters did not significantly correlate. In comparison to maternal blood samples, all of the red blood cell characteristics were shown to be higher in cord blood samples except for MCHC.
Background: Aim: Estimation of alkaline phosphatase levels in prostate cancer patients attending the National Cancer Institute of Gezira University to determine the association between elevated alkaline phosphatase levels and metastases in prostatic cancer patients. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based study to estimate alkaline phosphatase enzyme levels in patients with prostatic cancer who attended National Cancer Institute, Gezira University's between September and December 2018. A structured questionnaire was developed and prescribed to 100 subjects, which included personal and medically important information. The level of alkaline phosphatase was determined, and a biopsy was performed, with the results interpreted by a histopathologist. SPSS-23 was used to analyze the data. Results: Patients with metastatic prostatic cancer accounted for 50% of the patients in the research, and 51% of them had an alkaline phosphatase level greater than (124U/L). Bone metastasis was the most prevalent site of metastasis, accounting for 50% of all cases, whereas liver metastasis accounted for 12% of all cases. Radiation prostatectomy plus radiotherapy was the most prevalent treatment for prostatic cancer, accounting for 86 % of cases. In comparison to individuals with non-metastatic prostate cancer, the majority of patients with metastatic prostatic cancer had an elevated alkaline phosphatase. Conclusion: Finally, we discovered that the level of alkaline phosphatase is significantly raised in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Early detection and treatment will limit the impact of this serious condition.
Objective: A variety of observations of the hemoglobin D (Hgb D) phenotype has occurred in association with family studies of patients with sickle cell disease. Very little is known about the occurrence and prevalence of the Hgb D variant and its impact on blood profiles among Sudanese. This study was aimed at determining the percentage of Hb D in North Darfur State, West Sudan, whose population has been shown to have hemoglobin-S (Hb S) disease. Methods: From December 2017 to August 2018, this descriptive community-based investigation was conducted. Six hundred and sixty-six (666) people were randomly selected to participate in this study. With each participant's there was verbal consent. A questionnaire was designed to collect personal details. 5 mL of venous blood was gathered in EDTA containers. The Hb D variant was checked using Sebia Minicap Automated Capillary Electrophoresis System- USA and frequency was calculated using version 21.0 of the software package for social science (SPSS). Result: The prevalence of Hb variants was as follows: AD=0.6%, SS=2%, AS=10.5 %, and AA=86.9%. Conclusion: The prevalence of Hb D variant was 4 (0.6 %) in 666 participants from four western Sudanese tribes, beside reported of Hb SS and Hb AS.
OBJECTIVES: Researchers intended to see if there was a link between gender and an increased risk of dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Sudanese people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by measuring fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) and lipid profiles as well as blood pressure. MATERIALS AND METHOD: During the period of April 2012 and March 2013, a case-control study was conducted in Central Sudan. The study involved 300 people who met the inclusion criteria, who were divided equally into diabetes, diabetic hypertension, and non-diabetic non hypertensive (NDNH) groups to estimate FPG, HbA1C, and lipid profile levels (TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, and TG). A15, a random access auto-analyzer bio system, was used to analyze the samples. A questionnaire was completed, which included personal information, anthropometric and biochemical measurements. After each respondent gave verbal consent, venous blood was drawn after an overnight fast. The statistical analysis was done with the help of a statistical software for social sciences (SPSS version 16, Chicago, IL, USA). RESULT: In the women's group, statistically significant differences in anthropometric measurements (WC =0.017, BMI =0.004, SBP <0.0001, DBP=0.029) and biochemical measurements (FPG <0.0001, HbA1C =0.007, HDL-C=0.027) were discovered when the means were compared. When the mean HDL-C values of diabetic and diabetic hypertensive women were compared, there was a significant rise of 0.029. Men, on the other hand, had statistically significant disparities in anthropometric parameters, with WC=0.001, BMI <0.0001, and SBP <0.0001. FPG showed a significant increase of <0.0001, whereas HbA1C mean in diabetes and diabetic hypertensive patients showed poor management with no significant increase (0.615). HDL-C had a modestly high mean (0.089), while DBP had a non-significant increase (0.172). CONCLUSION: Diabetic and diabetic hypertensive women were at increased risk of dyslipidemia and CVD.
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