Gender as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease in type 2 Diabetes-Sudan

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: Researchers intended to see if there was a link between gender and an increased risk of dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Sudanese people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by measuring fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) and lipid profiles as well as blood pressure. MATERIALS AND METHOD: During the period of April 2012 and March 2013, a case-control study was conducted in Central Sudan. The study involved 300 people who met the inclusion criteria, who were divided equally into diabetes, diabetic hypertension, and non-diabetic non hypertensive (NDNH) groups to estimate FPG, HbA1C, and lipid profile levels (TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, and TG). A15, a random access auto-analyzer bio system, was used to analyze the samples. A questionnaire was completed, which included personal information, anthropometric and biochemical measurements. After each respondent gave verbal consent, venous blood was drawn after an overnight fast. The statistical analysis was done with the help of a statistical software for social sciences (SPSS version 16, Chicago, IL, USA). RESULT: In the women's group, statistically significant differences in anthropometric measurements (WC =0.017, BMI =0.004, SBP <0.0001, DBP=0.029) and biochemical measurements (FPG <0.0001, HbA1C =0.007, HDL-C=0.027) were discovered when the means were compared. When the mean HDL-C values of diabetic and diabetic hypertensive women were compared, there was a significant rise of 0.029. Men, on the other hand, had statistically significant disparities in anthropometric parameters, with WC=0.001, BMI <0.0001, and SBP <0.0001. FPG showed a significant increase of <0.0001, whereas HbA1C mean in diabetes and diabetic hypertensive patients showed poor management with no significant increase (0.615). HDL-C had a modestly high mean (0.089), while DBP had a non-significant increase (0.172). CONCLUSION: Diabetic and diabetic hypertensive women were at increased risk of dyslipidemia and CVD.