Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) remain the common infections in outpatients as well as hospitalized patients. Current knowledge on antimicrobial sensitivity pattern is essential for appropriate therapy. The aim of the study is to determine the changing pattern of antibiotic sensitivity among uropathogens causing UTI. Methods: Urinary isolates from symptomatic UTI cases attending in Square hospital were processed in the Microbiology lab. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion method. Extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) production was determined by double disk synergy test method. Results: Of the 200 tested sample 110 samples showed growth of pathogens among which the most prevalent were E.coli (58.18%) followed by Enterococci (13.6%). The majority (68.18%) of the isolates were from female. ESBL production was observed in 46.87% o E.coli strains and 25% of Klebsiella strains. More than 98% of the isolates are sensitive to Imipenem, Meropenem , while 86.36% are sensitive to Amikacin, 73.63% to Nitrofurantoin and 74.54% to Gentamicin. Very high rate of resistance is seen against amoxicillin (88.19%), cefixime (65.46%), cotrimoxazole (68.19%) and ceftriaxone (63.63%). E. coli showed high sensitivity to meropenem, imipenem and amikacin (100%) followed by Gentamicin (94.1%). Conclusion: The study revealed that E.coli was the predominant bacterial pathogens of UTIs. An increasing trend in the production ESBLs among UTI pathogens in the community was noted. Nitrofurantoin should be used as empirical therapy for primary, uncomplicated UTIs. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bccj.v2i1.19952 Bangladesh Crit Care J March 2014; 2 (1): 21-24

Abstract

Background: Peripheral Intravenous Catheterization (PIVC) related complication is a common and significant problem in clinical practices. The aim of the study was to see the pattern of complication developed by PIVC and to find out the associated risk factors. Materials & methods: A prospective study was conducted amongst 300 patients and 420 PIVCs were observed. Results: 76 (18.09%) patients developed phlebitis and among the phlebitis patients 55.26% were grade 2 and 22.37% grade 3. Hypertonic fluid infusion and some antibiotics were found as risk factors for phlebitis. Amongst the antibiotics flucloxacilin (60%), amikacin (50%), amoxicillin + clavulanic acid were most common antibiotics responsible for development of phlebitis. Conclusions: Catheterization site and use of antibiotics and potassium chloride with associated co-morbidities are predisposing factors for phlebitis. Better insertion technique may be sought to lower the incidence of PIVC related complications. J MEDICINE JUL 2019; 20 (1) : 29-33

Hepatit B virüsü (HBV), Bangladeş'te morbidite ve mortalitenin önemli nedenlerinden biridir. Genel populasyonda yeterli düzeyde bilgi ve farkındalık, bu enfeksiyonun önlenmesinde ve kontrolünde şarttır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Başvuran hastalar arasında kesitsel bir olgu kontrol çalışması yürütüldü. Veriler, kendi kendine yönetilen yapılandırılmış bir anket kullanılarak toplandı ve SPSS kullanılarak analiz edildi. Bulgular: Bu çalışmaya katılan 240 hastanın 120'si hepatit B yüzey antijeni (HBsAg)-pozitif iken, diğer 120'si negatif idi. Çalışma, HBsAg'nin negatif olduğu meslektaşlarıyla kıyaslandığında, okuma yazma bilmeyen hastalar ile çiftçi, perakendeci ve gündelik işçi grupları arasında HBsAg pozitifliğinin daha yüksek olduğunu göstermiştir. Anlamlı bir kısmın, hepatit B enfeksiyonunun sonuçları hakkında hiçbir bilgisi yoktu. Her iki gruptaki hastaların üçte ikisinden fazlası, bulaşma şeklinden ve hepatit B aşılarından habersizdi. Katılımcıların yaklaşık üçte biri (%30) hepatit A'yı hepatit B ile karıştırmıştır. Sonuç: Çalışmaya dahil edilen hastaların çoğu HBV enfeksiyonunun nedeni hakkında fikir sahibi idi. Bununla birlikte, bulaşma şekli ve sonuçları hakkında ciddi yanlış anlamaları mevcuttu. Dolayısıyla, hepatit B hakkındaki farkındalığı artırmak için spesifik olarak hedeflenen plan formüle edilmeli ve uygulanmalıdır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Bilgi, farkındalık, kabul edilen hastalar, hastane, Bangladeş ÖZ Objectives: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Bangladesh. An adequate level of knowledge and awareness among the general population is essential in prevention and control of the infection. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional case-control study was conducted among patients who were admitted to our hospital. Data was collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire and analyzed by using SPSS. Results: Out of 240 respondents included in this study, 120 were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive and 120, HBsAg-negative. The study shows that as compared to HBsAg-negative counterparts, HBsAg positivity rate was found to be higher in illiterate patients and among farmers, retailers, and day-laborer groups. A significant fraction did not have any knowledge about consequences of hepatitis B infection. More than two-thirds of the patients from both groups were unaware of transmission mode and vaccination of hepatitis B. About one-third (30%) of the respondents mixed up hepatitis A with hepatitis B. Conclusion: The majority of the patients included in this study had an idea about the cause of HBV infection. However, they had substantial misunderstandings about its mode of transmission and consequences. Hence, a specifically-targeted plan has to be formulated and implemented to increase the awareness about hepatitis B.

Introduction: Modern management of bronchial asthma requires prolonged medications to prevent symptoms and airflow limitations. An important issue in proper management of bronchial asthma is adherence to treatment. Objective: To see the non-adherence rate to inhalational medication in bronchial asthma patient as well as to see the factors responsible for non-adherence. Materials and Method: It was a cross sectional study conducted from 1st September 2017 to 31st March 2018 in Medicine unit of Sir Salimullah Medical College and Hospital (SSMCH). Result: Among the 136 respondents 70% were male and 30% were female. Non adherent rate was 93.7% for male and 100% for female. High cost of medicine, poor counseling, lack of family support, lack of immediate efficacy, forgetfulness, knowledge on how to use device are the main factors for non-adherence. Conclusion: The rate of non-adherence is very high amongst the participants. Therefore promoting optimal medication adherences through education, proper counseling is essential to optimize the benefits of treatment J MEDICINE JAN 2020; 21 (1) : 41-45