Background: Premature neonates are highly vulnerable group of the population. Premature births accounts for the highest mortality rate among infants in the first year of life. Massage therapy as non-invasive procedure that has positive effect on physical and developmental growth of premature neonates including; weight gain, promotion of neurologic development, decreased stress behavior, improved sleep, reduced rates of nosocomial infection and decreased mortality of hospitalized neonates. So, massage therapy is needed for the medical, emotional, psychological and physical wellbeing of premature neonates. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of applying massage therapy on physical, physiological and behavioral states of premature neonates. Methods: Design: It was a quasi-experimental. Subjects and Settings: A purposive sample containing sixty four premature neonates were chosen from the Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) in Maternity and Children Hospital, and Heraa General Hospital at Makkah Al-Mukaramah according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Tools: Two tools were used as: Premature Neonates' Massage Observation Sheet and Neonatal Infant's Pain Scale (NIPS) (pre/post applying massage therapy). Results: The mean scores of premature neonates' gestational age, birth weight, and weight at the onset of the study were 34.34 ± 3.85 weeks, 2.09 ± 0.17 kg, and 2.56 ± 0.73 kg respectively. Also, there were statistical significant differences between pre and post application of massage therapy (χ 2 = 23.32, 26.31, and 32.17 at P value ≤ .05) regarding heart rate, temperature and occurrence of apnea respectively. Conclusions: Applying massage therapy had a positive effect on premature neonates' physical, physiological and behavioral states, in addition to increasing their weight and decreasing their length of hospital stay. Recommendations: Emphasize the importance of applying massage therapy that is effective and safe non-invasive intervention in all NICUs as standard of care.

Low birth weight infant (LBW infant) is defined as neonatal body weight at birth <2,500 g according to the World Health Organization (WHO) definition. LBW infant continues to be a vital general health issue worldwide and is linked with a variety of both long-and shortterm problems (Blencowe et al., 2019). Globally, approximately 14.6% of all births are LBW infants, resulting in approximately 20.5 million births a year. In Africa, it is estimated that 13.7% of all births are LBW, representing 5.7 million births. The goal is to achieve a 30% successful decrease in the number of LBW infants by 2025 (WHO, 2012).LBW infants can result as a consequence of an infant being born small for gestational age and because of preterm birth. Birth weight is an important element of future growth pattern and nutritional status in LBW infants. Feeding of LBW infants includes integrative harmonization of sucking, swallowing and breathing (Brown et al., 2019).

Background: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a serious public health problem affecting a large number of children that often lasts into adulthood, and it is characterized by persistence of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development. Children with ADHD are managed with appropriate pharmacological and non-pharmacological intervention such as educational, psychological, behavioral support and play therapy. Whereas, play therapy is a technique during which the child would be given an opportunity to experience development under the most ideal circumstances. Aim: Evaluate the effect of applying play therapy on children with ADHD.Methods: Study Design: A quasi experimental. Setting: The study was conducted in Badghish care & Rehabilitation center at Jeddah in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Subjects: Purposive sample composed of 40 preschool & school age children with ADHD with their parents and teachers. Study Tools: Data were collected through using a self-administered questionnaire for the parents to assess the socio-demographic characteristics of the studied children and their families, Conner's Abbreviated Parents and Teachers Rating scale, it was used to assess and evaluate the problematic behaviors of children with ADHD for their responses and progress monitoring through play therapy, Children's Symptom Inventory (CSI-4)-Parents and Teachers Form Scale, it was used to assess the children for ADHD symptoms including; inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity through their parents and teachers and Vanderbilt ADHD Parent and Teacher Rating Scale, it was used to assess children's anxiety symptoms through their parents and teachers.Results: The mean age of children was 6.282 ± 1.52 years. Also, 67.5% of children were boys and 32.5% were girls. Meanwhile, there were high statistical significant differences (p-value at .00) regarding children inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity as reported by their parents and teachers pre and post applying play therapy. Conclusions:The current study concluded that applying play therapy had a positive effect on paying attention, decreasing hyperactivity and controlling impulsive behavior of children with ADHD. Also, there were statistical significant differences in children's emotional and behavioral disturbances pre and post applying play therapy sessions. Recommendations: Encourage parents to cooperate actively when play therapy sessions are held for persistency of treatment effects and further studies should be carried out on the effectiveness of play therapy and use of other different kinds of therapies for children with ADHD are beneficial.

Background and objective: The new trend that widely accepted in health care institutions is to implement an evidence-based practice. Health facilities frequently integrate standards of practice that reveal current best evidence to increase patients’ outcomes and consequently decrease hospital cost. Transfusion of blood is a cornerstone in managing many critically ill children. However, nurses have a chief role in transfusing blood and their knowledge and performance are important for them to transfuse blood safely and efficiently. Aim: Evaluate the effectiveness of implementing evidence based nursing practices guidelines on quality of nursing care and patients' safety as regards blood transfusion to improve transfusion practices and ensure safety.Methods: A quasi-experimental design. Settings: This study was conducted at Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Emergency Room, Medical and Surgical Wards, Hematology/Oncology Units in Children Hospital affiliated to Ain Shams University Hospitals. Sample: A convenience sample composed of 95 pediatric nurses, whom were willingness to participate in the study and 78 children whom were receiving blood transfusion. Tools: I. A Self-Administered Questionnaire Sheet to assess nurses’ knowledge regarding blood transfusion; II. Child’s Medical Record to collect data about child’s health status; III. An Observational Competence Checklist to assess the quality of actual nurses’ practices about Blood Transfusion; and IV. Evidence Based Nursing Practices Guidelines of Blood Transfusion that was described the EBNP guidelines that provide a standardized approach for transfusion (before and after).Results: The studied nurses’ knowledge and practices regarding to blood transfusion were improved and reflected a highly significant differences before and after guidelines implementation.Conclusions: The present study concluded that studied nurses showed an improvement in their knowledge and practices regarding blood transfusion after implementation of evidence based nursing practices guidelines. Recommendation: It is essential that all nurses who administer blood transfusion for children should complete periodic in-services training programs to keep them up to date regarding to safe and efficient administration of blood transfusion.

Background: Premature infants have markedly improved outcomes when the stress of environmental sensory overstimulation is reduced. Nurses, as the primary caregivers, play a crucial role in reducing infants' stress and promoting better outcomes. Aim: The study aimed to assess nurses' performance about creating healing environment and clustering nursing care for premature infants. Method: A descriptive research design was utilized in this study, all neonatal nurses (80) who were working at the time of the study were enrolled at our study. This study was carried out at Neonatal Intensive Care Units at Children Hospital and Maternity & Gynecological Hospital affiliated to Ain Shams University. Tools: The researchers employed two data collection tools: a pre-designed questionnaire to assess the nurses' characteristics and knowledge, and observation checklists. Results: Explained that knowledge score and training courses had high frequency positive effect on practice score at p value <0.01**. While years of experience had high frequency negative effect on practice score at p value <0.01** and age had slight frequency negative effect on practice score at p value <0.05* Conclusion: The majority of the studied nurses demonstrated incompetent practice, while less than two-thirds exhibited poor knowledge about healing environment and clustering care. Furthermore, a high positive correlation was found between nurses' knowledge and practice, highlighting the importance of knowledge enhancement in improving nursing practice. Recommendations: Continuous training programs should be applied for nurses in the NICUs to improve their knowledge and practice regarding developmental supportive care, healing environment and clustering nursing care. On job training for neonatal nurses about applying healing environment and clustering nursing care.