Background: Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease of pilosebaceous units. Oral isotretinoin is recommended for patients with moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris who are not responding satisfactorily to conventional therapies. Recent reports indicate that acne patients have been benefiting from the low-dose treatment protocols. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess and compare the efficacy of oral isotretinoin in low-dose continuous and intermittent treatment of moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, open-labeled, comparative, efficacy study carried out at Outpatient Clinic in the Department of Dermatology in Mandya Institute of Medical Sciences, Mandya. Out of 120 patients screened, 100 patients were selected. Patients with moderate-to-severe acne were assigned equally (50 patients each) to one of the two treatment regimens using block randomization technique, Group A was given lowdose continuous regimen -20 mg of oral isotretinoin once daily for 4 months and Group B was given low-dose intermittent regimen -20 mg of oral isotretinoin once daily for 1 week out of every 4 weeks. The patients were followed up every 4 th week during the treatment period. A 6-month follow-up evaluation after the end of treatment was performed. The outcome of the therapy was based on the improvement in the global acne grading system (GAGS) score and patients' satisfaction with the treatment in the 4-point scale. Results: This study showed statistically significant clinical improvement and difference in GAGS score between Group A and Group B (P < 0.005). Conclusion: This study suggests that, considering clinical efficacy, low-dose continuous treatment is most suitable for patients with moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris.
Background:The present study is an investigation of antiepileptic activity of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) is a well-known plant which is being used in tuberculosis, emaciation, sterility, and it has immunomodulatory, anabolic, anti-inflammatory, and antianxiety activities. Aims and Objectives: To find the efficacy of the alcoholic extract of W. somnifera (Dunal) in preventing experimentally-induced seizures. Materials and Methods: The alcoholic extract of W. somnifera was subjected to pilot study and then screened for anticonvulsant activity on maximal electroshock (MES) and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures models in albino Wistar rats. Animals were treated with W. somnifera at doses of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 300 mg/kg body weight and compared the results with control and standard. Results: Study results showed that W. somnifera extract at the dose of 300 mg/kg body weight when compared to control group highly significant (P < 0.01) reduction of hindlimb tonic extension and postictal depression in MES. PTZ-induced seizures showed significantly reduced mean duration of hindlimb tonic flexion, hindlimb tonic extension, clonus, and stupor and there was no postictal depression. Conclusions: The alcoholic extract of W. somnifera (Dunal) has shown a significant anticonvulsant effect at the dose of 300 mg/kg body weight, both in MES method and PTZ method and has given higher protection rate against pentylenetetrazol seizure than MES.
KEY WORDS: Withania somnifera; Pentylenetetrazole; Maximal Electroshock ModelIndia has a rich treasure of medicinal plants and has contributed to the development of the well-known system of Ayurveda, the science of life. [5,6] Many medicinal plants from India have been shown to have activity by the traditional methods of psychoneuropharmacology. [7,8]
Central anticholinergic syndrome (CAS) is a clinical entity whichshows central and peripheral effects produced by over dosage or abnormal reaction to clinical dosage of anticholinergic drugs. Anxiety, delirium, disorientation, hallucinations, seizures, tachycardia, hyperpyrexia, mydriasis, vasodilatation, gastric and urinary retention can be observed during CAS. Cyclopentolate is an anticholinergic drug, used in cycloplegic eye examinations for mydriasis. A 9 year old male child complaining of itching and redness in both eyes since 6 months visited to ophthalmology department. To examine eye proper single drop of Cyclopentolate eye drops was instilled to both eyes 3-4 times at an interval of 10 min. After 1 hour the child became restlessness, irritable and started talking irrelevantly. General and neurological examination did not reveal any abnormality. Psychiatrist's opinion revealed normal consciousness and orientation, muttering to self, delusion of persecution, visual hallucination and impaired judgment was noted. Based on the above findings, a rare adverse effect of drug-induced psychosis was suspected. The child was given single dose of Midazolam 2 mg IV in ICU to reduce behavioral abnormality and the child's behavior reverted to normal within 8 hours.
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