Drug resistance is a phenomenon where by an organism becomes fully or partially resistant to drugs or antibiotics being used against it. Antibiotic resistance poses an exacting intimidation for people with underlying medical immune conditions or weakened immune systems. Infections caused by the enzyme extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing multi drug resistance (MDR) Enterobacteriaceae especially Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are resistant to a broad range of beta lactams, including third generation cephalosporins. Among all the pathogens, these two MDR E. coli and K. pneumoniae have emerged as one of the world's greatest health threats in past two decades. The nosocomial infections caused by these ESBL producing MDR E. coli and K. pneumoniae complicated the therapy and limit treatment options.

No abstract

Aim: Emergence of extended antibiotic resistance among several human bacterial pathogens often leads to the failure of existing antibiotics to treat bacterial infections worldwide. Hence, the present study is aimed to explore antibacterial activity of marine cyanobacterium against MDR pathogens. Methods and Results: The cyanobacterial samples were collected and isolated from Thondi Palk Strait region. The isolate was subjected to polarity based solvent extraction and checked for their antibacterial activity against test bacterial pathogens. The active principles from chloroform extract of Oxynema thaianum (CEOT) were partially purified through thin layer chromatography (TLC). The active principle with highest activity was further characterized by FTIR, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Among the eight extracts tested, CEOT showed effective zone of clearance against ESBL producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in disc diffusion method. In TLC, all the purified five fractions were eluted and tested for their antibacterial activity against test pathogens. The third fraction showing maximum activity was subjected to HPLC analysis for checking its purity. In GC-MS analysis, 9-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester and hexadecanoic acid were identified as the major chemical compounds. Conclusion: Hence, the present study was concluded that O. thaianum ALU PBC5 is a promising agent to treat ESBL producing MDR bacterial pathogens. Significance and Impact of the Study: This is the pioneer study on screening and isolation of bioactive compounds from the marine cyanobacteria against MDR pathogens such as E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Here, 9-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester and hexadecanoic acid were identified as the major chemical compounds through TLC, FTIR, HPLC and GC-MS. From this screen, we identified the bioactive compounds against ESBL producing multidrug resistant pathogens such as E. coli and K. pneumoniae.

No abstract

No abstract

In the past, several repeated infectious diseases have been reported due to extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) producing multidrug resistant (MDR) enterobacteriaceae [1]. Generally, ESBL producing Gram-negative bacteria are resistant to penicillin and cephalosporin antibiotics. It has ability to hydrolyze broad spectrum antibiotic containing an oximino group and are inhibited by β-lactamase inhibitors such as clavulanic acid, sulbactam and tazobactam. The E. coli and K. pneumoniae are predominant ESBL producers cause urinary tract infection, diarrhea and life threatening disease like bacteremia in humans. It has been reported that, ESBLs producing MDR Enterobacteriaceae, especially E. coli and K. pneumoniae are resistance to third-generation cephalosporins antibiotics [2,3]. Furthermore, the infectious antibiotic resistance pathogens are playing an important role in the establishment of unknown diseases in human and animals, which are the major problems in the current scenario.

No abstract