Palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) have been immobilized on the surface of walnut shell powder using Equisetum arvense L. leaf extract as reducing and stabilizing agents in this work. FT-IR spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have been used in the characterization of the nanocomposites thus prepared. High catalytic activity was shown by these nanocomposites in the reduction of different dyes. The PdNPs' diameter on the walnut shell was predominantly found within the 5-12-nm range. The advantages of these catalysts include facile and clean synthesis, simple preparation procedure, excellent properties, alterable supports, and low cost, which make them applicable in reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), Congo red (CR), methylene blue (MB), and rhodamine B (RhB) in the presence of aqueous NaBH at room temperature. Pd/walnut shell nanocomposites were highly active catalysts for reduction of these dyes. Moreover, Pd/walnut shell nanocomposite can be recovered and recycled seven times without any appreciable loss of catalytic activity. Graphical abstract Waste walnut shell as a natural valuable resource support for green synthesis of Pd/walnut shell nanocomposite using Equisetum arvense L. leaf extract and its application for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol and organic dyes in a very short time.
Silver nanoparticles (NPs) are immobilised on pistachio shell surface by L. leaves extract as an antioxidant media. The Fourier transform infrared spectra, X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscope analyses confirmed the support of silver NPs on the pistachio shell (Ag NPs/pistachio shell). Ag NPs on the pistachio shell had a diameter basically in the 10-15 nm range. Reduction reactions of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), and organic dyes at ambient condition were used in the investigation of the catalytic performance of the prepared catalyst. Through this research, the Ag NPs/pistachio shell shows a high activity and recyclability, and reusability without loss of its catalytic activity.
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