Baturaden ornamental plant farmers use pesticides and fertilizers containing cadmium to increase growth and plant diseases control. Cadmium is a very toxic heavy metal. Small doses of cadmium exposure in over a long time through respiratory tract, digestion, and skin penetration causes a workload on the kidneys. It resulting kidney damage that characterized by increased ureum and creatinine serum levels. The aimed of this study was determine the correlation of cadmium exposure to kidney function in terms of urea and creatinine serum levels. The research design was an observational analytic approach with cross sectional method. The respondents were 43 farmers. Research data were collected by interviews, measured the urea and creatinine serum levels, also the cadmium urine levels. Data were analyzed by Spearman test. The results showed that there was a weak significant correlation between cadmium urine to ureum (r= 0.399 and p= 0.008) and creatinine serum levels (r= 0.331 and p= 0.03). We concluded that cadmium exposured correlated with increased ureum and creatinine serum levels.
Centella asiatica (L.) has many active ingredients with many important roles, including as antioxidant, anti-inflamation and neuroprotectant. Centella asiatica (L.) can reduce inflammatory reactions by inhibiting the activity of TNF-α. Thus, Centella asiatica (L.) is a potential alternative therapy for traumatic brain injury by reducing inflammation via TNF-α expression modulation. This study aimed to determine the effect of Centella asiatica (L.) on serum TNF-α levels in rat model of traumatic brain injury. This study was conducted during the period of July 3-17, 2020 at the LPPT Unit IV, Gajah Mada University. This was a true experimental with post-test only control group study on 35 male wistar rats as the experimental animals. The rats were divided into 5 groups: P1, P2, and traumatic brain injury groups that received Centella asiatica (L.) treatement at 150, 300, and 600mg/kgBW/d doses, respectively. Blood samples were collected after the experimental animals were terminated to assess serum TNF-α levels. Mean TNF-α levels were 60,980±4,057, 76,931±0,698, P3=75,889±0,948, P4=75,868±1,163, and 74,508±1,126 for P1, P2, P3, P4, and P5, respectively. The Kruskal Wallis test results showed a statistically different between groups (p = 0.005). This study shows that Centella asiatica (L.) can decrease serum TNF-α level in rat model of traumatic brain injury.
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