Optimization of the urban structure, as well as modernization of city districts as a result of changes in the functional use of the urban territory, are currently coming to the fore among research topics for most cities in Eastern Europe. In the present article, as seen in the example of the Pidzamche district of the city of Lviv (Ukraine), attention was drawn to the need of revitalising the already urbanized, often postindustrial areas, which had lost their original function over time. The developmental impetus for this area may arrive by way of "green" public spaces project, which will affect the "quality of life" for the local residents, through: performing recreational and leisure functions, raising the aesthetic value of the place, as well as potentially constituting so-called "green corridors", connecting individual parts of the discussed area. Keywords green public spaces • modernisation • urban revitalisation Zachariasz A. 2006. Zieleń jako współczesny czynnik miastotwórczy ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem roli parków publicznych, Politechnika Krakowska, Kraków.
Cities are constantly changing – new and existing facilities are created and reconstructed, existing ones are modernized, and new territories are developed, and, accordingly, public spaces are formed and develop in a certain way. To a large extent, this process is random and does not take place systematically, but this rather happens as a response to the urgent economic, environmental, social or other needs of city residents. Development management in the urban planning system is designed to solve the controversial problem of maintaining integrity and at the same time striving for its transformation. The use of the tools of mathematical modeling, considered in the article, allows one to solve the problems of spatial development of a city and its public spaces in a purposeful way, and to coordinate such a solution with the interests of stakeholders. When forming public spaces of a city one faces the task of streamlining competing development projects (alternative projects) for a particular area of a city, taking into account the importance of their impact on the establishment of a distinctive image of the city and ensuring quality of life of its residents. To solve this problem, it is advisable to use methods of expert evaluation of design decisions, in particular, methods of ranking, valuating, and folding vector-valued criterion into a scalar criterion (integrated indicator of project weight). Ranking means assignment of a certain rank (a number from the natural series) to every project. The most important project is given the highest rank, which corresponds to number "one". The sum of the ranks given by all experts to a particular project can be considered as a generalized value of its weight. The article considers approaches to the assessment of urban public spaces on the basis of various criteria, namely urban, social, economic, environmental ones. The developed models of public space planning are designed for making a reasonable choice from a set of alternative projects subject to implementation, either according to the dominant criterion or according to many criteria in the conditions of resource constraints.
The article raises the issue of assessment of pedestrian space assets as a means of supplementing the transport network and in the formation of urban communication systems. On the example of the city of Lviv, the possibility of optimizing the city’s radial-ring structure communications network in the conditions of the complicated development of rural transport communications in hilly terrain, by building circular pedestrian connections, is highlighted. The basis of the research is a comparative cartographic analysis of the plan of Lviv with the use of geoinformation systems for the localization of pedestrian spaces, their dependence on the city structure. The analysis of pedestrian traffic in Lviv shows that the existing pedestrian network – sidewalks, boulevards, pedestrian squares – duplicates the street and road network of the city. Most of the pedestrian spaces are located along the streets, bypassing the landscape areas of the city. Existing pedestrian communications do not provide connections between the main city districts with each other, with the city center and recreation places. The task is assigned to pedestrian elements of the city – sidewalks, boulevards, alleys, etc. Three types of pedestrian communications can be distinguished according to the type of task. The first type of pedestrian communications is rationally combinated. It provids movement between point A and B. The second type is for walking and recreation. It is interpreted as rationally whole. Both involve city-wide movement. The third type of pedestrian communications is local. It involves movement within the vernacular district. It is classified as a "traditional" element in the structure of the city district. The research considers the possibility of integrating pedestrian communications in transport network (in particular, the first type). To replace it in areas where the laying of transport connections is impossible due to planning restrictions. Consideration of pedestrian spaces as a full-fledged structural element of the city's transport and pedestrian network develops an alternative approach to overcoming communication problems between urbanized territories, separated by elements of the city's natural framework or other insurmountable planning restrictions (for example, as nature conservation landscapes or monuments).
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