Offal, such as liver, heart, tongue, kidneys, blood, skin, bone, etc., represents an essential source of protein, vitamin and mineral elements. The present study is an attempt at determining the amino acid composition of horse and beef liver and blood. In general, horse liver was to be a good source of protein (25.06%) compared with beef liver (17.4%). The moisture (74.9%) and fat (3.8) contents were significantly higher (p<0.05) in beef liver, while the ash content of the horse liver was 1.42% compared to 1.30% in beef liver. Total essential amino acid content was higher in beef liver (40.63%) than in horse liver (37.31%).
This article presents the results of the study of the dependence of yield stress (YS) and water-binding capacity (WBC) on mechanical processing of meat and bone raw materials when changing the rotational speed and the gap between the rotary knives of the grinder. It is revealed that the parameters of YS and WBC also increase when the rotational speed increases. Thus, the highest values of YS (943.29 Pa) and WBC (66.98%) are observed when the rotary knives’ rotational speed is 4000 min−1 and the clearance between knives is 0.16 mm, while the lowest values of YS (635.87 Pa) and WBC (63.83%) are observed when the knives’ rotational speed is 1000 min−1 and the clearance is 0.38 mm. The power consumption of the electric motor of the unit increases as the rotation speed of the working bodies increases and the gap between the knives decreases.
The aim of the study is to improve the centrifuge for separating fat from pork rinds. In this article, we will consider a centrifuge for separating fat from flakes for feed flour for animal husbandry. In the food industry, heterogeneous systems are separated by centrifugation.In meat processing plants, products entering centrifugation are structureless or structured colloidal-dispersed systems (liquid or flexible bodies) or bulk bodies. The latter include products consisting of a set of solid homogeneous particles of a smaller size that do not take into account the tensile load. It is known that colloidal substances have redundancy in specific gravity and internal surface, therefore they have high adsorption properties and the ability to absorb a large amount of moisture. Colloidal products entering centrifugation separate the liquid contained in them into free and bound. However, such a classification cannot give a clear character of the mechanism of communication between the liquid and the material and does not take into account the specifics of the material itself. A fairly correct and mostly accurate picture of the relationship between a liquid and a material can be shown by a diagram of the forms of communication between a material and a liquid, the structure of which is based on the intensity of the bonds between the material and the liquid. According to these data, there are three forms of material-liquid bonding: chemical, physico-chemical and mechanical bonding. The chemical bond is stronger, and in this case the release of liquid from the material can be achieved by chemical interaction or by intense thermal action (heating). The physico-chemical bond of the liquid with the material can be observed in adsorption, osmotic and structural bonds. The liquid adsorptively bound to the material is separated by evaporation, desorption – during osmotic contact-by the formation of an extracellular concentrated solution. The liquid with structural bonds is mechanically held by the material, and its molecular layer is adsorptively bound. To separate the liquid having a structural connection with the material, methods of evaporation, pressing, fractional centrifugation or structural destruction are used.
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