ResumoA reprodução é um processo biológico fundamental na história de vida dos seres vivos e inclui riscos que afetam adversamente a vida do reprodutor. Como pouco se conhece acerca da biologia reprodutiva de Elaenia cristata, o objetivo deste estudo é descrever aspectos de sua reprodução. Realizou-se o estudo na Estação Ecológica de Águas Emendadas (ESEC-AE) e entorno (Distrito Federal), em ambiente de cerrado. Monitoraram-se 89 ninhos a cada 2-4 dias nas estações reprodutivas de 2002 a 2007. As estações reprodutivas foram do início de setembro a meados de dezembro, com pico em outubro e média de 99 dias. Elaenia cristata constrói ninhos abertos em forma de taça, com ovos branco gelo. O tamanho principal das ninhadas foi de dois ovos (n = 50). O comprimento e a largura média dos ovos (n = 7) foram 20,2 ± 0,1 mm e 15,1 ± 0,1 mm, respectivamente. A altura média dos ninhos (n = 87) foi 1,5 ± 0,8 m, estando a maioria em Davilla elliptica e em cerrado típico (61%). O tempo médio de incubação foi 15,2 ± 0,5 dias (n = 9) e de permanência dos fi lhotes no ninho 16,4 ± 0,4 (n = 17) dias. Dezenove (27%) ninhos obtiveram sucesso e 51 (73%) foram predados. O sucesso dos ovos foi de 31,4% e a taxa média de eclosão de 0,95 ± 0,1. A produção de fi lhotes foi de 0,5 ± 0,5 fi lhotes/ninhada e a taxa de fecundidade 0,9 ± 0,6 fi lhotes/fêmea. A taxa de predação de ninhos na fase de incubação (71%) foi signifi cativamente maior do que na fase de fi lhotes (29%), contrastando com o comumente encontrado. Já os outros aspectos reprodutivos foram semelhantes ao padrão encontrado para os congêneres e para outros tiranídeos, assim como para Passeriformes neotropicais.Palavras-chave: nidifi cação, ninhos, reprodução, sucesso reprodutivo. AbstractReproduction is a fundamental biological process to animal life histories and includes risks which affect the survival of breeding adults. Considering that information about Elaenia cristata reproduction biology is lacking, we aimed in this study to describe some aspects related to its reproduction. We carried out this study from
Egg collections have been poorly studied and cataloged both in Brazil and overseas. In Brazil, there is a lack of both historical and current tradition of establishing and curating egg collections. This paper provides information about the size of collections, collecting dates, major collectors, geographic locations, and institutions holding egg sets of Brazilian birds. Through this effort, we recovered part of the history of Brazilian ornithology and provide general directions for those interested in studying egg sets deposited in scientific collections. We retrieved information from 5,888 egg sets collected in Brazil between 1818-2022, currently deposited at 45 institutions/museums. The four largest egg collections in Brazil are at MZUSP, MN, COMB and MPEG. However, around half of the egg sets are deposited in institutions from Europe (mainly at MLUH and ZMB in Germany, NMW in Austria, NHM in the UK, and CRRM in Romania) and the USA (mainly at the WFVZ). Most egg sets were collected between the 1890s and 1930s, and after 2010. In Brazil, 70% of the egg sets were collected in five Brazilian states (MG, SP, SC, PA, and RS). Overall, egg collecting was uneven in space and time. We traced ~330 egg collectors, but most egg sets were collected by José Caetano Guimarães Sobrinho, while Caio Guimarães Chagas was probably the greatest collection owner in Brazil. A recent increase in egg collecting shows a renewed interest in assembling this type of bird vouchers. A scientifically sustained, planned and ethical collection of eggs should continue in Brazil since the breeding biology of many species is still poorly known, and since egg sets are important to provide data for new studies on the ecology, evolution, and conservation of Brazilian birds.
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