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Fragmentation and other habitat disturbances are long known to negatively affect birds, in large part by decreasing nest success due to high nest predation rates. The factors, however, that cause this decrease in nest success are still poorly understood and may vary among regions or species. Here, we show that nest survival is also lower in a disturbed landscape versus a protected cerrado (savanna-like) Neotropical landscape. Also, we tested the importance of garbage in the nest, brood parasitism, microhabitat and bird family in nest survival, controlling for temporal effects. We monitored 144 birds' nests in a disturbed landscape and 150 nests in a natural reserve of cerrado vegetation in central Brazil, between September and December 2006. We used Program MARK to estimate nest survival probabilities and evaluate the effect of covariates in nest success in the disturbed area. Nest daily survival rate (DSR) was higher in the reserve (survival probability = 29.4%) than in the disturbed landscape (survival probability = 16.6%). Nest daily survival rate (DSR) was smaller in nests with garbage (survival probability = 9.3%) than in nests without garbage (survival probability = 19.5%) in the disturbed landscape. Effects of habitat disturbance on nest survival differed among bird families, with finches and tanagers being more affected mostly due to high nest predation rates. Conservation and management of birds in disturbed landscapes should include actions to decrease nest predation. In poor rural or suburban areas in developing countries, such as Brazil, actions like better garbage treatment may help conserve birds in disturbed landscapes.

Women are underrepresented in professional spaces, particularly at leadership positions. In science, the participation in editorial boards of journals is evidence of a high reputation within a specialty or field. Therefore, female presence in editorial boards can be used as a proxy for female presence and leadership in academic spaces. Here, we assessed the gender composition in editorial boards of 31 biodiversity conservation (BC) journals included in the Web of Science and obtained information on current and past editorial boards of these journals. We found pervasive gender bias in the editorial boards of the main scientific BC journals. Current editorial boards were composed of 1251 editors, of which only 28.7% were women. Nevertheless, gender biases are becoming smaller over time. Our projections indicate that BC journals may achieve gender balance in their editorial boards by the year 2038. We argue that a diverse and inclusive editorial board has greater chances to propose innovative solutions to conservation problems . Thus, the academic community, editors and journals must take proactive measures to achieve gender balance. Given that most editors are men, hiring women still depends on them; and these men need urgently to take their share of responsibility and be actors of change. More broadly, journals and science decision-makers must commit to their importance in the movement and start, for example, to hire and support women's work.

ResumoA reprodução é um processo biológico fundamental na história de vida dos seres vivos e inclui riscos que afetam adversamente a vida do reprodutor. Como pouco se conhece acerca da biologia reprodutiva de Elaenia cristata, o objetivo deste estudo é descrever aspectos de sua reprodução. Realizou-se o estudo na Estação Ecológica de Águas Emendadas (ESEC-AE) e entorno (Distrito Federal), em ambiente de cerrado. Monitoraram-se 89 ninhos a cada 2-4 dias nas estações reprodutivas de 2002 a 2007. As estações reprodutivas foram do início de setembro a meados de dezembro, com pico em outubro e média de 99 dias. Elaenia cristata constrói ninhos abertos em forma de taça, com ovos branco gelo. O tamanho principal das ninhadas foi de dois ovos (n = 50). O comprimento e a largura média dos ovos (n = 7) foram 20,2 ± 0,1 mm e 15,1 ± 0,1 mm, respectivamente. A altura média dos ninhos (n = 87) foi 1,5 ± 0,8 m, estando a maioria em Davilla elliptica e em cerrado típico (61%). O tempo médio de incubação foi 15,2 ± 0,5 dias (n = 9) e de permanência dos fi lhotes no ninho 16,4 ± 0,4 (n = 17) dias. Dezenove (27%) ninhos obtiveram sucesso e 51 (73%) foram predados. O sucesso dos ovos foi de 31,4% e a taxa média de eclosão de 0,95 ± 0,1. A produção de fi lhotes foi de 0,5 ± 0,5 fi lhotes/ninhada e a taxa de fecundidade 0,9 ± 0,6 fi lhotes/fêmea. A taxa de predação de ninhos na fase de incubação (71%) foi signifi cativamente maior do que na fase de fi lhotes (29%), contrastando com o comumente encontrado. Já os outros aspectos reprodutivos foram semelhantes ao padrão encontrado para os congêneres e para outros tiranídeos, assim como para Passeriformes neotropicais.Palavras-chave: nidifi cação, ninhos, reprodução, sucesso reprodutivo. AbstractReproduction is a fundamental biological process to animal life histories and includes risks which affect the survival of breeding adults. Considering that information about Elaenia cristata reproduction biology is lacking, we aimed in this study to describe some aspects related to its reproduction. We carried out this study from

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