In the article we developed the design principles and implementation of a complex model and optimized the design parameters of drainage. The study was based on the implementation of interconnected structural and technological forecasting simulation and optimization model blocks, which in turn allowed to justify the optimal design parameters and drainage considering multiple natural and agronomic conditions and reclamation facilities. Example of evaluating the performance of drainage on drained lands was made for the conditions of a real project, implemented on lands of agricultural holding “May Day” located within of drainage system “Ikva” in the Rivne region. For the object conditions (average decade formation conditions of the drainage flow module for growing perennial grasses, winter cereals and potatoes) the estimated duration of the growing season was 214 days (100%), of which the total duration of drainage was 60% and included different levels of efficiency: 39% – ecological, 15.5% – technological and 5.5% – economic. The duration of its critical operations (forming module drainage flow exceeds the design of its value) does not exceed 5%. Thus, this approach enables the assessment of drainage with predetermined or specified parameters in the construction or renovation of drainage systems on different levels of effectiveness. It can be effectively used in the overall complex predictive and optimization calculations to substantiate the design and parameters of agricultural drainage, taking into account the variability of natural agrotechnical and reclamation conditions of a real object.
The paper substantiates the necessity to carry out system optimization of operational, technological and construction parameters of water regulation in the operation of rice irrigation systems, lays out methodological approaches and results. This research formulates approaches to the selection of project criteria and conditions of economic and environmental optimization during the construction of complex optimization models in the projects of their reconstruction and operation taking into account climatic management strategies of such objects. The proposed set of measures as a result of system optimization is focused on improving the natural and amelioration state of rice irrigation systems, improving their technological and technical parameters, introducing of water and resource saving regimes of rice irrigation and related rice crop rotations.
The purpose of the article is to define features and components of implementation of functions of classical and modern management in the sphere of water economy as a determining factor of revival of the branch at a new level. Research methods. The methodological base of research is made up of general theoretical and special methods, which give an opportunity to solve scientific problems. In the process of research, the following methods have been used: dialectical methods of learning about processes and phenomena; monographic (analysis of foreign experience in financing water sector); abstract-logic (theoretical generalizations and conclusions); system generalization, analysis and synthesis (analysis of the current state and problems of the sector and its components, analysis and generalization of activities within each function of water management, identification of sources of financing water projects, etc.), grouping method (determination of the content of works within the framework of the water sector). Research results. The main activities and content of works implemented within the framework of general functions of water management - planning, coordination and organization, motivation, control and regulation, leadership - were defined. Features of realization in modern conditions of Ukraine of separate special functions of water management - financial, investment, project are considered and analyzed. Scientific novelty. The theoretical basis for the implementation of management functions through their adaptation and specification of the content in accordance with the specific features of the water sector has been further developed. Practical significance. Complex and systematic implementation of water management functions at the level of state water management bodies and water management organizations will allow to revive the industry at a new level and ensure its stable and profitable functioning under modern economic conditions. Tabl.: 1. Refs.: 19.
In view of global climate changes, the study of the ecological feasibility of hydromelioration systems and their impact on the natural environment is extremely relevant. Evaluation of the ecological effectiveness of water regulation of drained land for current and forecasted climatic conditions was performed by determining the environmental reliability coefficient, which characterizes the ecological reliability of a reclamation project. The environmental reliability coefficient was determined on the basis of a certain set of physical indicators. The set of physical indicators reflects the extremely complex nature of the formation of water and general natural and ameliorative regimes of reclaimed land as a whole in changing natural, climatic and agro-ameliorative conditions of real objects. Their determining is based on the implementation of a machine experiment based on a complex of predictive and simulation models for water regulation of drained land on a long-term basis. The obtained results showed that ecologically optimal natural, ameliorative and soil regimes of the drained land, subject to compliance with the restrictions 0.5 < k n ≤ 1.0, are ensured by the application of humidifying sluicing. At the same time, the environmental reliability coefficients are 0.59 and 0.58, respectively, for current and forecast climatic conditions, and the level of ecological reliability of applying humidification to drained land is sufficiently high. The carried out evaluation of ecological reliability of water regulation of drained land confirms the need to increase the role of humidification as a component of effective adaptive measures on drained land in modern and forecasted climatic conditions. Humidifying measures have a decisive influence on the ecological effect and the ecological and amelioration state of drained land.
The article is aimed to check the effectiveness of the formation of professional competencies of future specialists in preschool education facilities under martial law. A structural-functional model was chosen as an experimental model of competence formation. Methods. The paper used interviewing and testing techniques, the method of expert analysis of students’ educational achievements. To identify the psychological characteristics of students’ educational motivation, we used the method for studying the motivation of learning at a university by T. I. Ilyina. The Welch's t-test and Student's t-test were used to comparing the levels. The results. Professional motives began to dominate in the majority of students (24%) after the end of the first stage of the experiment and the number of students who have formed professional competences increased significantly at the end of the experiment (4.8). It has been proven that the motivational-value component (2,8) plays a key role in the structure of the student’s professional competence. The results of the experiment allow us to conclude improvement of the levels of formation of future educators’ professional competence. The creative component showed special dynamics (58%). Conclusions. Despite the state of war, the structural-functional model demonstrates positive results in the formation of professional competencies. Prospects for further research should focus on the effective methods of organizing the educational process in wartime.
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