Psacalium decompositum (Gray) H.E. Rob. & Brett (Asteraceae), popularly known as "matarique," is a medicinal plant used in Mexico for the empirical treatment of diabetes mellitus. Previous studies with P. decompositum roots demonstrated that an aqueous fraction containing carbohydrates (WMP-fraction) exhibited a notable hypoglycemic effect in experimental animals. However, studies to identify these carbohydrates have not yet been performed. The goal of this investigation was to isolate and characterize the principal compounds in the WMP-fraction by spectroscopic and spectrometric analysis. Additionally, we sought to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of these compounds in healthy and alloxan-induced diabetic mice. The results show that the chemical structures of the major compounds in the WMP-fraction correspond with fructan-type oligosaccharides and have a hypoglycemic effect in healthy and diabetic mice.
Cacalolides are a kind of sesquiterpenoids natural compounds synthesized by Psacalium decompositum (A. Gray) H. Rob. & Brettell or Psacalium peltatum (Kunth) Cass. Antioxidant and hypoglycemic effects have been found for cacalolides such as cacalol, cacalone or maturine, however, their effects on inflammatory processes are still largely unclear. The main aim of this study was to investigate the biological activities of secondary metabolites from P. decompositum and P. peltatum through two approaches: (1) chemoinformatic and toxicoinformatic analysis based on ethnopharmacologic background; and (2) the evaluation of their potential anti-inflammatory/anti-allergic effects in bone marrow-derived mast cells by IgE/antigen complexes. The bioinformatics properties of the compounds: cacalol; cacalone; cacalol acetate and maturin acetate were evaluated through Osiris DataWarrior software and Molinspiration and PROTOX server. In vitro studies were performed to test the ability of these four compounds to inhibit antigen-dependent degranulation and intracellular calcium mobilization, as well as the production of reactive oxygen species in bone marrow-derived mast cells. Our findings showed that cacalol displayed better bioinformatics properties, also exhibited a potent inhibitory activity on IgE/antigen-dependent degranulation and significantly reduced the intracellular calcium mobilization on mast cells. These data suggested that cacalol could reduce the negative effects of the mast cell-dependent inflammatory process.
Psacalium peltatum (Kunth) Cass. is an endemic medicinal plant member of the matarique complex, widely distributed in the central part of Mexico. The roots of P. peltatum have been employed as alcoholic maceration to treat conditions that induce inflammation from such as wounds, skin ulcers and rheumatism. 1 Our research has shown that furanoeremophilanetype sesquiterpene, maturin acetate (I) is the main constituent of this resin. Although maturin acetate has been isolated as the most abundant natural product in of Mexican species, such as P. beamanii, 2 Roldana angulifolia, 3 and Trichilia cuneata, 4 no report on the crystal structure determination of this compound has appeared. Therefore, due to this lack of data and x-ray studies, the crystal structure determination of maturin acetate was undertaken.Roots of Psacalium peltatum (Kunth) Cass., were collected from a pine-oak forest of Mineral del Chico, Hidalgo, Mexico, [20˚09¢55≤ N and 98˚45¢08≤ W]. A voucher specimen was deposited at the National Herbarium (MEXU 1138692) of the Institute of Biology, UNAM, Mexico. Air-dried and powdered roots (4.381 kg) of P. peltatum were sequentially extracted with hexane by exhaustive maceration (3 times ¥ 2 L), at room temperature. Hexane extract of roots from P. peltatum, was separated in a column chromatographic process and elueted with hexane-ethyl acetate in a mixture gradient, from fraction (98:2) elueted of hexane-ethyl acetate was isolated Maturin acetate and their spectroscopic features were compare with the described data. 5,6 A yellow crystal prism was mounted on a glass fibber. The X-ray intensity data were measured at 298 K on a Bruker Smart
The title compound [systematic name: (9-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-5,6-dihydronaphtho[2,3-b]furan-4-yl)methyl 2-methylbut-2-enoate], C21H24O4, was isolated from matarique, or Psacalium peltatum (Kunth). The structure is almost planar. The angeloyloxy group makes an angle of 62.08 (2)° with the furanoeremophilane skeleton. The carbonyl O atom is disordered between two positions with a 76:24 ratio. The molecules in the crystal are joined by very weak C—H—O interactions in the ac plane.
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