There is evidence of interaction between hormonal contraceptives (estrogen and progesterone) and the inner ear functions, which can result in hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction. Hormonal contraceptives can cause alteration in inner ear fluids homeostasis, affecting the endolymph regulation and transmission of the audiovestibular impulse from the inner ear to higher centers. In addition, it leads to enhancement of the effect of angiotensin Ⅱ, which causes vasoconstriction and reduction in inner ear blood flow. Consequently, hormonal contraceptives can cause tinnitus, hearing loss, vertigo, and aural fullness. The objectives of this review article are to discuss the types, and mechanism of action of hormonal contraceptives, and their effects on the audiovestibular system and inner ear homeostasis.
Background: For unilateral cochlear implant (CI) candidates, benefit can be enriched by adding a hearing aid to the opposite ear, termed bimodal hearing. The best results are obtained when their hearing, speech, and language abilities are properly verified. The Arabic version of auditory perception of alphabet letters (APAL) is a reliable test of speech perception appropriate for use with kids who speak Arabic but have hearing impairment and a limited vocabulary. Aim: Children who use linked hearing aids and cochlear implants were evaluated to test the correlation between the (APAL) test and auditory abilities, language acquirement and speech parameters. Design: Eleven children were studied twice first 3 months after unilateral CI turn on and second 3 months after fitting linked hearing aid (HA) in non-implanted ear (6 months after CI turn on). Assessment of APAL test was performed in the audiovestibular medicine department and the evaluation of speech characteristics, language, and auditory skills in the ENT department's Phoniatric Unit. Zagazig University. The findings were compiled and statistically evaluated. Results: A statistically significant increase in correct scores of APAL test as well as language and auditory assessment after bimodal stimulation. There was a statistically significant +ve correlation (r=0.70 & p=0.02) between APAL and CAP among the studied cases. Conclusion: APAL can be regarded as a reliable speech discrimination test that predicts the progress of a number of prelingual bimodal children's skills.
Background: Meniere's disease (MD) is a peripheral vestibular disorder presented presented with fluctuating aural symptoms (fullness, tinnitus and hearing loss). In addition to recurrent spontaneous vertigo lasting between few minutes to several hours. Based on these symptoms, there are two categories of MD: definite and probable. Objective: The objective of this review article is to present an overview about recent methods for diagnosis of MD. Methods: We looked for data on Meniere's disease, Tinnitus, Vertigo, and Electrocochleography in medical journals and databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. However, only the most recent or extensive study was taken into account between February 2015 and January 2023. References from related works were also evaluated by the authors. There are not enough resources to translate documents into languages other than English, hence those documents have been ignored. It was generally agreed that documents such as unpublished manuscripts, oral presentations, conference abstracts, and dissertations did not qualify as legitimate scientific study. Conclusion: MD is diagnosed clinically since it typically manifests as unilateral ear problems that might remain for decades. Attacks from MD are sporadic and episodic, with remissions in between. As there is no definitive vestibular testing for MD, these tests are typically carried out to rule out disorders with similar symptoms.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.