To reduce energy resource consumption in construction industry, housing and utilities infrastructure, it is necessary to maximize the new structural solutions use for the buildings and structures. The bearing and enclosing structures functions separation allows using the optimal design scheme with minimal steel spread for the supporting structures and effective modern thermal insulation materials for the enclosure. The advantages of grid shell structural system are durability, seismic stability, easy installation, dismantling, transportation, re-installation without the heavy equipment use; it also can be used in remote and hard-to-reach places. The authors propose the modules that can be used as exhibition pavilions, shops, cafes with the room height up to 6 m. Mass production of grid shell domes became possible with the advent of computer-aided design, allowing to perform the calculation and the structure three-dimensional model.
For regular hinge-rod structures, an engineering method for analyzing the stress-strain state is developed, taking into account the transformation of the form by folding repeated fragments of the structure. For the software implementation of the proposed calculation algorithm, a macro is compiled in the APDL language, which is built into the ANSYS software package. A step-by-step procedure that simulates the transformation of the farm geometry was tested.
The process of forming new technological methods of construction of buildings and structures, a high degree of industrialization of construction and unification of elements, lead to the study of various principles of forming the spatial structure of the object from flat scans. The authors consider a new transformable architectural and structural system consisting of rod spatial arches, the main elements of the developed system are rods and hinges that connect them at the ends. The latter are made as an analog of bionic mobile communication. Analysis of the transformation of a rod spatial element into an arch of various shapes is performed by the following methods: traverses, jacks, pneumatic structures and automatic methods. As a result, you can use rod arches to create buildings and structures of various shapes. In the end, the versatility of such spaces allows buildings and structures based on rod spatial arches to be multifunctional. Specifically for the arches of the NPI series, the authors developed a hinge Assembly designed to connect the rods of a fast-erecting light spatial structure of a regular structure. Research has shown that on the basis of the resulting arched strezhnevoy system, it is possible to form spaces close to the cylindrical and spherical shape. The variability of forms based on a single set of structures, low-labor-intensive installation process using the principles of self-construction, create prerequisites for new research in the field of improving this type of transformable architectural and structural systems. These issues provide a wide range of tools for solving architectural, structural and technological factors of shaping, which contributes to the development of creative activity.
The authors carried out a research of the stress - strain state of the hinge unit of light spatial grid framings of regular structure. The solid model of the hinge unit was created previously and numerical simulation was performed. Calculation identified, that the weak point of the hinge unit is connecting disk. Plastic deformation can arise in the disk during loading. The experimental research was required for verification of results of a pilot study. The test of disk was executed with application of a specially designed installation on universal tensile testing machine in the laboratory of the University. Mechanical characteristics of steel, from which the disk was made, were identified by a certified laboratory destructive control methods in accordance with the GOST. The experimental results are compared with the simulation results. The authors give recommendations for optimizing the design of the hinge unit.
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