Introduction. Experts in many occupations are to carry out their occupational activities in unusual conditions. And in particular, in a remote mode, which can be a factor that reduces the level of psychological well-being of the individual if there is no compliance with the situation of self-isolation. The purpose of the study is to study the teachers’ compliance with the situation of self-isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic. The tasks of the study include the detection of the grade of the compliance with the situation of self-isolation during the pandemic, the analysis of the level of compliance with the situation of self-isolation during the pandemic as a factor of psychological well-being of teachers. Material and methods. We surveyed 124 teachers (between 23 to 67 years). The respondents’ answers are represented on three scales: Understanding the situation of self-isolation’, ‘Understanding of oneself in the situation of isolation, ‘Understanding the characteristics of the interactions and communication in the situation of isolation’. Results. Most respondents agree with the need for self-isolation and consider it to be a practical approach to prevent the incidence of COVID-19. The most pronounced responses are the ones on improving occupational and cultural levels. Most of the respondents note a high level of understanding of the value of relationships. Discussion. In particular, the problem of insufficiently high level of self-understanding in the situation of self-isolation, along with the acknowledgement of the need to comply with it, to be revealed. In this regard, it is advisable to provide psychological assistance in the form of information support for the population. Conclusion. That the better the respondents understand the need for self-isolation, the more effective the process of communication and interaction with others is, and, consequently, the less damage is caused to the level of psychological well-being of the individual. Due to the established lack of understanding of oneself in the situation of self-isolation, the following can be considered practical areas of informational psychological support: critical attitude to information that appears in various sources; building positive relationships within the family; managing work at home to ensure good performance; preserving the ability to return to the usual mode of life after the period of self-isolation.
The purpose of the study. The purpose of this work is the exploration and generalization of scientific researches on walkability to determine its advantages as an element of public policy in human-centered cities. Over the past fifty years, the world community has actively discussed the issue of healthy and sustainable urban development planning, which has gained particular relevance with the recent World Health Organization publication of the “Healthy Cities: An Effective Approach to a Rapidly Changing World” concept (2020). One of the Healthy Cities approach goals is to promote healthy urban planning and design centered on human well-being (unlike prevalent in the past vehicle orientation), and the main component of such planning is pedestrianization or walkability. The systematic reviews and meta-analyses reporting method (PRISMA) were used in the review. The search was carried out in the bibliographic databases Elibrary, PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Scholar. The study of the structure, types, and relationship between pedestrianization and the type of urban planning revealed the global advantages of creating walkable areas, such as maintaining the physical, mental and social health of citizens, increasing social capital, and improving the city’s ecological and economic atmosphere. Conclusion. Thus the promoting walkability was concluded to be a public policy as a relatively simple and highly effective way to benefit in the short, medium, and long term. This fact ultimately makes pedestrianization one of the most important tools for healthy urban planning and design.
Introduction. On December 31, 2019, the World Health Organization announced the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak and medical workers appeared on the frontline in combating the new threat. Daily interactions with infected patients, extended working hours and psychological overload: all this makes healthcare professionals extremely vulnerable to a new danger. Therefore, the actual priority is to prevent the nosocomial spread of the disease and the protection of medical personnel. Aim exploration and generalization of Russian and international experience of COVID-19 pandemic combating in terms of creating the most efficient system of health workers protection against the infection, caused by a new virus SARS-CoV-2. Methods and materials. The systematic reviews and meta-analyzes reporting method (PRISMA) were used in the review. The search was carried out in the bibliographic databases Elibrary, PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Scholar. Moreover, Russian and foreign methodological documents from the official websites of organizations were analyzed. Results. Examination of epidemiologically safe space organizing models in different countries showed that the majority of the existing in the world community approaches to protect medical personnel from contracting a new coronavirus infection are based on five basic strategies of infection prevention and control to prevent or limit the transmission of COVID-19 proposed by the World Health Organization. The article proposes a sixth strategy in addition to the above: psychological support for health workers. Conclusion. Effective use of the listed complex of six protective measures can minimize the risk of medical workers infection with coronavirus.
Background. In 2020 the global community faced a serious unexpected challenge COVID-19. Fighting the aggressive spread of the coronavirus required rapid reconfiguration of the Russian healthcare system, while exposing its weak spots and pressure points. Critical evaluation of the Russian healthcare systems resilience to crises offers new perspectives on the most effective management and organizational solutions for resolving this crisis. Research objective. The main goal of this study is to make a significant long-term contribution to the Russian healthcare system by developing a set of recommendations for increasing the systems sustainability and resilience to crises. Methods. For this study, specialists developed a framework that includes a set of questions in the 1) domains of governance, 2) financing, 3) workforce, 4) medicines and technology and 5) service delivery, which align closely with the well-recognised WHO health system building blocks. In each domain, a series of targeted questions concerned both sustainability and resilience. Findings. The main areas of work for increasing the Russian healthcare systems sustainability and resilience to crises include: adapting the existing legislative framework to the current crisis, and to prepare it for similar crises in the future; increasing healthcare funding; improving the image of the medical profession; promoting healthcare digitalization; reducing the pressure on the inpatient and emergency care services by strengthening preventive and rehabilitative care services. Conclusion. The synthesis and analysis of materials relevant to understanding the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the Russian healthcare system, supplemented by expert assessments and examples drawn from practice, allowed the authors to compile a list of recommendations for ensuring the healthcare systems sustainability and resilience to future crises. This list offers potential for healthcare industry development.
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