Purpose: The inflammatory state of adipose tissue in obese subjects may be the most important factor linking increased adipose tissue mass to insulin resistance. Chemerin is a newly discovered adipokine that plays an important role in macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue and may contribute to the development of inflammation and insulin resistance. We examined the effects of 12 weeks of aerobic training on serum chemerin levels in association with cardiovascular risk factors in overweight and obese males. Methods Conclusion:Aerobic training caused an improvement in cardiometabolic risk factors in obese subjects, and this improvement was accompanied by decreased chemerin levels.

Physical function limitation is a common disorder in chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients, relating to increased morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of aerobic and resistance trainings on blood lipids and inflammation status in HD patients. Out of 30 volunteer males who had been undergoing conventional maintenance HD within an HD unit in Tehran, 21 subjects were enrolled. They were randomly assigned into aerobic exercise group – resistance training group undergoing an 8-week intradialytic exercise program (three times/week) and control group (n = 7, each). Training program consisted of 10-30 min stationary cycling at an intensity of 12–16 out of 20 at the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) of Borg scale in aerobic group and using ankle weights for knee extension, hip abduction and flexions at an intensity of 15–17 out of 20 at the RPE of Borg scale in resistance group. Fasting blood samples for serum biochemistry were drawn at baseline and 8 weeks. The age, HD duration, and physical activity score were 51.6±18.9yrs; 25.1±13.9 mo, and 19.2±7.6, respectively. Diabetes mellitus (43%), hypertension (28%), and obstructive uropathy (14%) were the most common underlying diseases. Aerobic and resistance exercises were correlated with serum creatinine (P< 0.0001 and P<0.001) and hs-CRP levels (P=0.005 and P=0.036) reduction so that aerobic exercise induced more reduction. These exercises had no influence on weight, Kt/V values, serum urea, albumin, hemoglobin, and lipid levels (P>0.05). Both intradialytic aerobic and resistance exercises showed beneficial effects on inflammation status without any influences on serum lipid levels probably due to short duration of the study which was not accompanied with body weight changes. Solute removal had no change during exercise programs. There is a need for more investigation on the role of exercise in HD patients.

Purpose: Post exercise proteinuria and increased urinary Gamma-Glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels can be indicative of exercise-induced renal damage. The aim of this investigation is to study the effect of one session of intensive training on renal damage markers and compare their values to those 6 hours after training. Methods:In this cross-sectional study with pre-and post-test design, 10 elite volunteer female athletes were selected and participated in one training session (2 hours). Urine samples were collected before training, one hour after training, and 6 hours after training. Urinary protein (Pr), creatinine (Cr), and GGT values were measured through laboratory methods and then Pr/Cr and GGT/Cr ratios were computed.Results: There were significant differences between values of protein, GGT and Creatinine in the three sampling phases (P<0.05). However, no significant differences were observed between values for GGT/Cr and Pr/Cr ratio. There were significant differences between the mean values of Creatinine, protein and GGT within pre-exercise and 1 hour post-exercise and within 1 hour postexercise and 6 hours post-exercise (P<0.05). Conclusion:It seems that a session of karate training does not result in renal damage and athletes can continue training after 6 hours.

Background Infraspinatus syndrome is a condition of painless weakness and atrophy of the infraspinatus muscle that results from suprascapular neuropathy. Objectives Survey the effects of a short term progressive endurance-strength training program and electrical stimulation on elite volleyball players with infraspinatus syndrome. Design Randomized clinical trial with control group. Setting and participants National team players. Participants 12 volleyball players with Infraspinatus syndrome were randomly divided to two groups: progressive endurance-strength training (six persons) and electrical stimulation (six persons). 20 healthy players were also used as a control group. Intervention Therapeutic exercises and electrical stimulation were performed for 8 weeks in both intervention groups. Main outcomes Surface electromyography of infraspinatus and tress minor muscles and maximal isometric strength of external rotator muscles before and after interventions. Results 32 players were studied in three groups: progressive endurance-strength (6 persons, age), electrical stimulation (six persons) and a control group (20 persons, age 25/1±4/2, height 187/7±3/9, weight 75/6±7/1, sport history 9±3/8 and national team history 3/9±2/3). After 8 weeks, maximal isometric strength of the external rotators in both experimental groups was increased significantly, but there were no significant changes observed in IEMG and RMSEMG. Conclusions Progressive endurance-strength training and electrical stimulation can result in an increase of maximal isometric strength of the shoulder external rotator muscles. But both therapeutic methods have no effect on electromyograghic parameters in infraspinatus and tress minor muscles. It seems that we can't use surface electromyography for detecting the effect of these protocols on above the muscles.