Objectives
Dental trauma among children is a common problem, and everyone who works with them needs to possess appropriate knowledge and skills to provide proper care at the site of the accident. The aim was to evaluate the knowledge of emergency management of dental trauma among students who should be capable of managing such injuries in their future career.
Materials and Methods
A cross-sectional survey regarding dental trauma emergency management was conducted on 679 students from five different studies using a questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed by the Student t-test or one - way ANOVAusing the Tukey's post-hoc test and multiple linear regression analysis (p<0.05).
Results
The total knowledge score regarding the emergency management of dental trauma among examined student was 4.32±2.25 (max 10). The positive association of the knowledge score was observed with the age of student (β=0.722, p≤0.001). A similar relation was observed depending on whether they received dental injuries training during their academic education (β=2.365, p≤0.001), as well as students’ assessment of the importance of knowledge regarding dental trauma emergency management (β=0.433, p≤0.001).
Conclusions
It can be concluded that the surveyed students have limited knowledge regarding dental injuries and their emergency management procedures. The obtained data emphasized the importance of additional education of all professions that may encounter dental trauma injuries to improve the outcomes of dental trauma treatment.
Objectives: To assess genotoxic and cytotoxic effect of commercially available toothpastes with the different whitening ingredients.
Materials and Methods: In vivo assessment of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of whitening toothpastes with different ingredients using a buccal micronucleus cytome assay (BMCyt assay) comprised 199 participants randomly divided into ten groups based on used whitening or control/conventional toothpaste. The exfoliated buccal mucosal cells were collected, stained and microscopically evaluated at baseline, 30 days and 60 days after the beginning of treatment, and 30 days after completing treatment: follow-up.
Results: The genotoxic parameters showed no biologically significant changes in any of the observed period for the tested toothpastes, while cytotoxic parameters (number of cells with karyorrhexis and condensed chromatin) showed statistically significant difference (p>0.05) amongst evaluation periods for the three peroxide containing toothpaste.
Conclusions: Peroxide containing whitening toothpastes present significant increase of cytotoxicity (numbers of karyorrhexis and condensed chromatin) during the application period only.
Clinical Significance: Whitening toothpaste show no genotoxic effect, while peroxide containing whitening toothpastes may present significant increase of cytotoxicity (numbers of karyorrhexis and condensed chromatin) during application period. In clinical conditions, the obtained changes can’t be considered as significant.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04460755
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