Smoking narghile has become a common occurrence among young Iraqi people since several years ago, moassel is the name given to the tobacco dentifrice smoked by Iraqi people, and it consists of tobacco, honey, glycerin and flavors. Tobacco which is the main component of the moassel has a little amount of some radioisotopes, but nevertheless few studies have addressed the radioactivity and the potential risks in moassel. Samples of the most common moassel types consumed in Iraq are collected from the markets, using gamma spectroscopy NaI(Tl), three natural radionuclides 40 K, 214 Bi and 208 Tl are investigated in the studied samples. The results show that the mean radium equivalent is 10.272 Bq/kg, the mean gammaabsorbed dose is 4.089 nGy/h, the mean annual effective dose is0.051 mSv/y, the mean external hazard index is 0.026, the mean internal hazard index is 0.035, the mean gamma index is 0.034, the mean alpha index is 0.017, and the annual gonadal dose equivalent is 0.031 mSv/y. A question near is done in this work to investigate the annual smoked mass of the moassel by capita to compute some of the transaction. The results show that the total daily inhalation is 3.027 mSv/y, the total annual effective dose is 0.002 × 10 −6 mSv/y, and the total excessive lifetime cancer risk is 0.00501 mSv/y. The study concludes that all results are below than the recommended limits given by (UNSCEAR 2000).
Questionnaires were designed containing questions relating to 222Rn, to know the student’s awareness of the dangers of 222Rn gas. The questionnaire was distributed randomly to 30 students of the fourth stage of both sexes in the departments of the college of science. The survey shows that the 222Rn awareness of fourth-stage students for all departments of the college of science, Mustansiriyah university is scarce.
In this paper, we study and investigate the quark anti-quark interaction mechanism through the annihilation process. The production of photons in association with interaction quark and gluon in the annihilation process. We investigate the effect of critical temperature, strength coupling and photons energy in terms of the quantum chromodynamics model theory framework. We find that the use of large critical temperature Tc =134 allows us to dramatically increase the strength coupling of quarks interaction. Its sensitivity to decreasing in photons rate with respect to strength coupling estimates. We also discuss the effect of photons energy on the rate of the photon , such as energies in range (1.5 to 5 GeV).The photons rate increases association at Tc=116MeV with the more decreased photons energy compared with photos rate association n t Tc=116MeV. This relation of strength coupling a, critical temperature and photons energy are particularly relevant when parametrizing systematic photons emission.
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