Wireless body area networks (WBANs) can help in enabling efficient patient monitoring solution for ubiquitous healthcare. Communication in WBANs is undertaken in two phases: intra-WBAN and extra-WBAN. The prevailing WBANs use cellular network or WiFi in the extra-WBAN phase involving communication between the on-body coordinator and access points (APs) connected to the medical server through the internet. The medical applications of the WBANs have stringent requirements of low end-to-end delay and high packet delivery ratio. The authors evaluate the performance of extra-WBAN communication in the network of WBANs which is deployed within a building environment. They proposed a mobility model named random room mobility (RRM), which is used to capture the dynamics of WBAN user mobility within the building. They studied the performance of extra-WBAN communication using the proposed mobility model and a random waypoint mobility model. The metrics used in evaluating the performance are packet drop ratio, average node-to-AP delay and average residual energy per node. The authors show that with an increase in the number of WBANs, the traffic generation rate and the payload size have high impact on the packet loss in the network. They studied the performance of extra-WBAN communication using the priority mode available in IEEE 802.11 for provisioning quality-of-service (QoS). We show that it is suitable for medical applications, when the size of network consisting of WBANs, including the QoS-enabled WBANs, is small.
The network of novel nano-material based nanodevices, known as nanoscale communication networks or nanonetworks has ushered a new communication paradigm in the terahertz band (0.1-10 THz). In this work, first we envisage an architecture of nanonetworks-based Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) monitoring, consisting of nano-macro interface (NM) and nanodevice-embedded Drug Eluting Stents (DESs), termed as nanoDESs. Next, we study the problem of asymmetric data delivery in such nanonetworks-based systems and propose a simple distance-aware power allocation algorithm, named catch-the-pendulum, which optimizes the energy consumption of nanoDESs for communicating data from the underlying nanonetworks to radio frequency (RF) based macro-scale communication networks. The algorithm exploits the periodic change in mean distance between a nanoDES, inserted inside the affected coronary artery, and the NM, fitted in the intercostal space of the rib cage of a patient suffering from a CHD. Extensive simulations confirm superior performance of the proposed algorithm with respect to energy consumption, packet delivery, and shutdown phase.
In this paper, we envisage the architecture of Green Wireless Body Area Nanonetwork (GBAN) as a collection of nanodevices, in which each device is capable of communicating in both the molecular and wireless electromagnetic communication modes. The term green refers to the fact that the nanodevices in such a network can harvest energy from their surrounding environment, so that no nanodevice gets old solely due to the reasons attributed to energy depletion. However, the residual energy of a nanodevice can deplete substantially with the lapse of time, if the rate of energy consumption is not comparable with the rate of energy harvesting. It is observed that the rate of energy harvesting is nonlinear and sporadic in nature. So, the management of energy of the nanodevices is fundamentally important. We specifically address this problem in a ubiquitous healthcare monitoring scenario and formulate it as a cooperative Nash Bargaining game. The optimal strategy obtained from the Nash equilibrium solution provides improved network performance in terms of throughput and delay.
In this paper, we address the problem of interference when multiple time division multiple access-based wireless body area networks (WBANs) come in the proximity of one another. We propose a simple solution that creates common non-conflicting schedule between these interfering WBANs. Our proposed scheme allows the reuse of maximum possible time slots among WBANs that are two-hop neighbors of one another. A flow admission control scheme is applied to control the flows during the period of interference. We show that the percentage of flows admitted because of flow control decreases with the increase in the network size and flow rate. We simulated a scenario where WBANs move randomly within a simulation area with a certain speed and meet at a particular point. We show that the signal to interference noise ratio (SINR) value of WBANs changes as long as they are within the transmission range of one another. Also, we show that the exchanges of common schedule (which is dependent on the number of times the SINR value drops below the threshold) are required in order to improve the packet delivery ratio in WBANs. INTERFERENCE-AWARE MAC SCHEDULING IN WBANS1353 the center and a receiver is placed at the center of the circle. The study of performance evaluation is limited to 16 transmitters and do not consider the scalability of the network nodes with the same topology.In the monitoring system, we considered patients carrying wearable systems and can move anywhere in the hospital. Pulse oxymeter is an example of one such wearable system, which can measure the amount of oxygen present in the blood. Medium access by the devices in such wearable systems is one of the important research challenges due to the shortage of available channels and bandwidth in the medical band. It is observed that slot-based medium access control (MAC) protocols are suitable for improved operation and performance, because such protocols require no additional overhead and data load is uniform across the nodes. In the literature, most of implementations of WBAN use the IEEE 802.15.4 standard or its variant for low power consumption [5][6][7]. It considers a star topology, where each sensor node sends traffic to the coordinator (controller) in their own slot time. In [6], Li and Tan proposed a TDMA-based MAC protocol for a wearable system having few sensor devices such as pulse oxymeter and a coordinator. The coordinator of the wearable system is responsible for scheduling and initiation of transmission of the end devices.Wireless body area networks use the 2.4 GHz industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band for their operation. Because the ISM band is unlicensed, several other wireless devices based on Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and other BANs share the same frequency band, thereby causing fairly high possibilities of interference. The effect of interference is very serious for patients equipped with BANs, because the devices typically monitor the critical conditions involving instruments for measuring ECG, EEG, and EMG. The seriousness is such that the misin...
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.