BACKGROUND & AIMS:Artificial intelligence-based computer-aided polyp detection (CADe) systems are intended to address the issue of missed polyps during colonoscopy. The effect of CADe during screening and surveillance colonoscopy has not previously been studied in a United States (U.S.) population. METHODS:We conducted a prospective, multi-center, single-blind randomized tandem colonoscopy study to evaluate a deep-learning based CADe system (EndoScreener, Shanghai Wision AI, China). Patients were enrolled across 4 U.S. academic medical centers from 2019 through 2020. Patients presenting for colorectal cancer screening or surveillance were randomized to CADe colonoscopy first or high-definition white light (HDWL) colonoscopy first, followed immediately by the other procedure in tandem fashion by the same endoscopist. The primary outcome was adenoma miss rate (AMR), and secondary outcomes included sessile serrated lesion (SSL) miss rate and adenomas per colonoscopy (APC). RESULTS:A total of 232 patients entered the study, with 116 patients randomized to the CADe colonoscopy first and 116 patients to HDWL colonoscopy first. After the exclusion of 9 patients, the study cohort included 223 patients. AMR was lower in the CADe-first group compared with the HDWL-first group (20.12% [34/169] vs 31.25% [45/144]; odds ratio [OR], 1.8048; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0780-3.0217; P [ .0247). SSL miss rate was lower in the CADe-first group (7.14% [1/14]) vs the HDWL-first group (42.11% [8/19]; P [ .0482). First-pass APC was higher in the CADe-first group (1.19 [standard deviation (SD), 2.03] vs 0.90 [SD, 1.55]; P [ .0323). First-pass ADR was 50.44% in the CADe-first group and 43.64 % in the HDWL-first group (P [ .3091). CONCLUSION:In this U.S. multicenter tandem colonoscopy randomized controlled trial, we demonstrate a decrease in AMR and SSL miss rate and an increase in first-pass APC with the use of a CADesystem when compared with HDWL colonoscopy.

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Alcohol use is a significant risk factor for colonic diverticulosis and may offer a partial explanation for the existing East-West paradox in disease prevalence and phenotype. Further studies are needed to investigate this association and its putative pathophysiological mechanisms.

Summary Background The proportions of patients with oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) diagnosed by Barrett's oesophagus surveillance or with pre‐existing Barrett's oesophagus are unclear. Aim To estimate the prevalence of prior and concurrent Barrett's oesophagus diagnosis among patients with OAC or oesophagogastric junction adenocarcinomas (OGJAC). Methods We searched PubMed and Embase to identify studies published 1966‐1/8/2020 that examined the prevalence of prior (≥6 months) or concurrent Barrett's diagnosis (at cancer diagnosis) among OAC and OGJAC patients. Random effects models estimated overall and stratified pooled prevalence rates. Results A total of 69 studies, including 33 002 OAC patients (53 studies) and 2712 patients with OGJAC (28 studies) were included. The pooled prevalence of prior Barrett's oesophagus diagnosis in OAC was 11.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 8.4%‐15.6%). The prevalence of prior Barrett's oesophagus diagnosis was higher in single‐centre resection studies (16.0%, 95% CI 8.7%‐24.9%) than population‐based cancer registry studies (8.4%, 95% CI 5.5%‐11.9%). The prevalence of concurrent Barrett's oesophagus in OAC was 56.6% (95% CI 48.5%‐64.6%). Studies with 100% early stage OAC had higher prevalence of concurrent Barrett's oesophagus (91.3%, 95% CI 82.4%‐97.6%) than studies with <50% early OAC (39.7%, 95% CI 33.7%‐45.9%). In OGJAC, the prevalence of prior and concurrent Barrett's oesophagus was 23.2% (95% CI 7.5%‐44.0%) and 26.3% (95% CI 17.8%‐35.7%), respectively. Conclusions Most patients with OAC have Barrett's oesophagus. Our meta‐analysis found ~12% of OAC patients had prior Barrett's diagnosis, but concurrent Barrett's oesophagus was found in ~57% at the time of OAC diagnosis. This represents a considerable missed opportunity for Barrett's oesophagus screening.

Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is a growing problem with a rapidly rising incidence. Risk factors include gastroesophageal reflux disease, central obesity, and smoking. The prognosis of EAC remains poor because it is usually diagnosed late, and many efforts have been made to improve prevention, early detection, and treatment. Acid suppression, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and statins may play a role in chemoprevention. Screening for Barrett's esophagus (BE), the only known precursor lesion of EAC, is indicated for individuals with increased risk. Endoscopic surveillance of patients with BE likely improves overall outcomes. Endoscopic ablation and resection is highly effective for treating dysplastic BE and early EAC, whereas esophagectomy is indicated for patients with locally advanced disease. This review covers epidemiology, staging, screening, and prevention of EAC as well as endoscopic and surgical management.

This study provides the largest series of the relative frequency of CNS tumors in Delta region in Egypt till now and may help to give insight into the epidemiology of CNS tumors in our locality.

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Insulin-like growth factors (IGF) and their binding proteins (IGFBP) have been implicated in the risk of several epithelial or glandular tumors, including prostate cancer, breast cancer, and colon cancer. Cervical cancer, which is also of epithelial origin, has been shown to overexpress receptors for IGF-I, and plasma levels of IGF-I have been positively associated with cervical cancer precursors in one epidemiologic study. In this case-control study, we investigated plasma levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 in relation to the risk of histologically confirmed high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (HGCIN) and the risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Included in this analysis were 329 cases and 621 controls recruited from clinics affiliated with two Montréal-area hospital centers. We observed a reduced risk of HGCIN for increasing levels of IGF-I, with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 0.40 (95% confidence interval, 0.19-0.87) for the highest quartile relative to the lowest quartile of IGF-I. No association was observed between IGFBP-3 levels and HGCIN. Among controls, IGF-I was associated with a decreased risk of being positive for HPV-16 or HPV-18, with an adjusted odds ratio of 0.20 (95% confidence interval, 0.05-0.87) for the highest quartile relative to the lowest quartile of IGF-I. There was no association observed between IGFBP-3 levels and HPV infection status. IGF-I -mediated effects seemed to predominate among women <30 years of age. In contrast to the previously reported study, our results suggest that levels of IGF-I in young women may be inversely associated with HGCIN, a precursor to cervical cancer. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(4):716 -22)