o r g a n i z a t i o n , t e c h n o l o g y a n d m a n a g e m e n t i n c o n s t r u c t i o n · a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l j o u r n a l · 5(2)2013 860 Risks Leading to Cost Overrun in Building Construction from Consultants' PerspectiveThis study aims at identifying the risk map for factors affecting cost overrun in building construction projects in the West Bank in Palestine from the consultants' perspective. The field survey included 26 consultants. 41 factors are identified through literature review. The factors are divided into 5 groups. The analysis of the identified 41 factors indicates that 1 factor is located in the green zone, 14 factors are located in the yellow zone, and 26 factors are located in the red zone of the risk map. The results indicate that the top five affecting factors are: political situation, fluctuation of prices of materials, economic instability, currency exchange, and level of competitors. It is hoped that these findings will guide efforts to enhance the cost performance of construction industry.
This paper presents simple cost models that contain small number of items that will be used for estimating costs of contracts. Twenty-eight contracts that contain large number of items were used in this study, for the development of these models. Cost significant philosophy was used as an approach to develop the models. This study has shown that about 80% of the total cost of a project are contained within 20% of the items. These items are called cost significant items. Each item has a value greater or equal to the mean item value. These models can be used only for multi-story residential buildings. The developed construction cost model contains about 25% of the items while the developed finishing cost model contains about 23% of the items. The expected accuracy for both cost models is within + 5% and the achieved accuracy is within + 7%.
The search for new approaches to design-construction information integration through the use of computer-based systems is invariably hindered by the need to adopt appropriate representational schemes for the design information by several professions architects, structural engineers, service engineers, quantity surveyors, and by small groups of sub-constructors. Lack of developed coding, classifying and catalogue systems has the greatest impact on the development of integration and the transfer of product information in the light of computer operation. These has been the cause of major problems in the transfer of information between these various bodies (1,14). A proposed design and construction information classifying and coding scheme that facilitates the exchange and manipulation of information in construction projects, while maintaining compatibility with existing classification systems involved in documents like specifications and bills of quantities, will be presented.
Cost and time models have been developed for road and bridge projects using resource significance analysis, which is in turn based on the 80/20 rule. The work packages in these models are designed to relate to site operations. They serve as the basis for measurement, estimating, planning, valuation and control in civil engineering projects. For defined categories of work, a standard set of work packages have been developed which consistently contribute about 90% of a project's resource costs and hours. The resource significant cost and time models for bridges and roads predict cost to an accuracy of 4% Cv and 3% Cv respectively. The resource hours for a project can be predicted to an accuracy of 6% Cv for bridges and 3% Cv for roads. The bridge model contains 26 work packages and the road model contains 22 work packages. Coarser models have also been developed for situations where the road or bridge is only part of an overall project, with only a small loss of accuracy. لقد تم اشتقاق نماذج لحساب الكلفة والفترة الزمنية لمشاريع الطرق والجسور باستخدام نظرية العناصر الاكثر أهمية والتي تعتمد على قانون 80/ 20%. إن الرزم في هذه النماذج تصف العمليات الإنشائية وقد استحدثت كأساس للقياس، وللحسابات، وللتخطيط ولمراقبة المشاريع الهندسية، لقدتم اشتقاق نماذج أساسية لهذه الرزم والتي تمثل 90% من عناصر الكلفة والوقت. إن نماذج حساب الكلفة والفترة الزمنية للجسور والطرق بإمكانها حساب الكلفة والفترة الزمنية بمقدار خطأ 4% للجسور،3% للطرق. إن الفترة الزمنية للمشروع يمكن حسابها بمقدار خطأ 6% للجسور و3% للطرق. أن نموذج الجسور يحتوي على 26 رزمة ونموذج الطرق يحتوي على 22 رزمة، كذلك تم اشتقاق نموذج عندما تكون الجسور والطرق جزء من المشروع العام مع فقدان الدقة بنسبة ضئيلة.
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