We tested the hypothesis that the entopeduncular (EP) nucleus (feline equivalent of the primate GPi) and the globus pallidus (GPe) contribute to both the planning and execution of locomotion and voluntary gait modifications in the cat. We recorded from 414 cells distributed throughout these two nuclei (referred to together as the pallidum) while cats walked on a treadmill and stepped over an obstacle that advanced towards them. Neuronal activity in many cells in both structures was modulated on a step-by-step basis during unobstructed locomotion and was modified in the step over the obstacle. On a population basis, the most frequently observed change, in both the EP and the GPe, was an increase in activity prior to and/or during the swing phase of the step over the obstacle by the contralateral forelimb, when it was the first limb to pass over the obstacle. Our results support a contribution of the pallidum, in concert with cortical structures, to the control of both the planning and the execution of the gait modifications. We discuss the results in the context of current models of pallidal action on thalamic activity, including the possibility that cells in the EP with increased activity may sculpt thalamo-cortical activity.
To determine the functional organization of premotor areas in the cat pericruciate cortex we applied intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) within multiple cytoarchitectonically identified subregions of areas 4 and 6 in the awake cat, both at rest and during treadmill walking. ICMS in most premotor areas evoked clear twitch responses in the limbs and/or head at rest. During locomotion, these same areas produced phase-dependent modifications of muscle activity. ICMS in the primary motor cortex (area 4γ) produced large phase-dependent responses, mostly restricted to the contralateral forelimb or hindlimb. Stimulation in premotor areas also produced phase-dependent responses that, in some cases, were as large as those evoked from area 4γ. However, responses from premotor areas had more widespread effects on multiple limbs, including the ipsilateral limbs, than did stimulation in 4γ. During locomotion, responses in both forelimb and hindlimb muscles were evoked from cytoarchitectonic areas 4γ, 4δ, 6aα, and 6aγ. However, the prevalence of effects in a given limb varied from one area to another. The results suggest that premotor areas may contribute to the production, modification, and coordination of activity in the limbs during locomotion and may be particularly pertinent during modifications of gait.
Introduction : Les personnes LGBTQI+ migrantes sont plus à risque de faire face à des enjeux de santé, notamment de santé mentale, surtout depuis l’arrivée de la Covid-19. En outre, elles sont confrontées à plusieurs barrières d’accès aux soins au Québec. C’est dans ce contexte qu’a été mise en œuvre la Clinique Mauve, qui vise à lever ces barrières en offrant des soins médicaux et psychosociaux dans un cadre de soins intégrés aux personnes LGBTQI+ migrantes à Montréal. But de l’étude : Cet article a pour objectif d’identifier les avantages et les défis d’un modèle comme celui de la Clinique Mauve pour répondre aux besoins psychosociaux des personnes LGBTQI+ migrantes. Résultats : Il ressort de l’analyse que le modèle de la Clinique Mauve, du fait des approches préconisées, est en mesure de lever certaines barrières d’accès aux soins des personnes LGBTQI+ migrantes et de permettre une certaine autonomisation de ces populations. En revanche, ce modèle n’est pas dénué de limites qui sont essentiellement dues au manque de ressources et à des contraintes organisationnelles. Conclusions : Le fait d’offrir des soins psychosociaux dans un cadre de soins intégrés permet de lever certaines barrières d’accès aux soins que rencontrent les personnes LGBTQI+ migrantes.
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