A seagrass bed of Karang Congkak Island has been known as the nursery habitat for many marine fishes. The common silver-biddy (Gerres oyena) is one of the temporary resident fishes that inhabits seagrass beds of Karang Congkak Island before they migrate to their adult habitat to join the adult population. The aims of this research are to analyze the growth pattern, condition factor and food preferences of the common silver-biddy while they utilized the seagrass beds of Karang Congkak Island as their nursery ground. Sampling was conducted from March 2018 to March 2019 with 10 times frequency of sampling in total. Sample was towed using a beach seine net with 10x1 m in dimension and 3 mm mesh size. Parameters that were analyzed in this research were a length-weight relationship, condition factor, and food preferences. A total of 2762 juveniles of the common silver-biddy were collected and were classified into 10 length classes. The results showed that in general, the growth pattern of the common silver-biddy was positive allometric (b>3), although some months were isometric (b=3). The overall condition factor ranged from 0.87 – 2,05 and it fluctuated throughout the months. The diet which has the main role in determining the fish growth of the common silver-biddy was dominated by the group of copepods. The positive allometric growth pattern of the common silver-biddy and the high value of condition factor describe that seagrass ecosystem of Karang Congkak Island is a suitable nursery ground for the juveniles of the common silver-biddy. Abstrak Ekosistem lamun Pulau Karang Congkak merupakan habitat pengasuhan yuwana berbagai spesies ikan laut. Ikan kapas-kapas (Gerres oyena) merupakan salah satu ikan penghuni sementara lamun Pulau Karang Congkak sebelum akhirnya beruaya ke habitat induknya untuk bergabung dengan populasi ikan dewasa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pola pertumbuhan dan faktor kondisi yuwana ikan kapas-kapas selama menghuni perairan ekosistem lamun Pulau Karang Congkak. Penelitian dilakukan dari Maret 2018 sampai Maret 2019 dengan total frekuensi pengambilan sampel selama 10 bulan. Contoh ikan diambil dengan menarik pukat tarik pantai berdimensi 10 m x1 m dan mata jaring 3 mm. Parameter yang diamati pada penelitian ini adalah hubungan panjang-bobot ikan, faktor kondisi, dan preferensi makanan ikan. Selama penelitian terkumpul sebanyak 2765 yuwana ikan yang dapat dikelompokkan menjadi 10 kelompok kelas ukuran panjang. Pola pertumbuhan panjang ikan kapas-kapassecara keseluruhan bertipe alometrik positif (b > 3), namun pada beberapa bulan tertentu ditemukan pola pertumbuhan isometrik (b=3). Faktor kondisi selama penelitian berkisar antara 0,87-2,05 dan berfluktuasi setiap bulan. Makanan ikan yang merupakan faktor penentu pertumbuhan ikan kapas-kapas didominasi oleh kelompok kopepoda. Pola pertumbuhan ikan kapas-kapas yang alometrik positif dengan faktor kondisi yang tinggi memberikan gambaran bahwa padang lamun Pulau Karang Congkak merupakan daerah asuhan yang baik bagi yuwana ikan kapas-kapas.
Ketersedian sarana dan prasarana yang mendukung kegiatan praktikum dapat mendukung proses pembelajaran berjalan secara efektif dan efeisen. Salah satunya adalah ketersediaan awetan dan panduan praktikum yang mana keduanya masih menjadi kendala di beberapa sekolah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan awetan invertebrata dan panduan praktikum sebagai sumber belajar serta mengetahui kualitas produk yang dihasilkan. Penelitian pertama berupa pengambilan sampel awetan invertebrata di Pantai Krakal, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta dan menghasilkan 50 jenis dari 7 kelas invertebrata. Hasil penelitian dikembangkan menjadi awetan basah dan awetan kering. Penelitian ini juga mengembangkan panduan praktikum yang terdiri dari dua bagian yakni panduan praktikum untuk siswa dan untuk guru. Produk dinilai dan divalidasi oleh 1 ahli materi, 1 ahli media dan 5 peer reviewer. Instrumen penilaian produk dan respon siswa berupa lembar angket yang terdiri aspek materi, aspek penyajian panduan praktikum, aspek penyajian awetan, aspek penilaian autentik dan aspek bahasa. Uji coba terbatas dilakukan oleh 2 guru biologi dan 10 siswa MAN 2 Sleman dan MAN 4 Bantul. Kualitas awetan dan panduan praktikum menurut para ahli, peer reviewer¸ guru dan siswa masing-masing mendapatkan persentase berturut-turut 89,18%, 88,53%, 88,75% dan 84,63%. Kategori kualitas produk secara keseluruhan adalah sangat baik (SB) dengan persentase sebesar 88,17%.
Saurauia is belong to Actinidiaceae family. Saurauia spreading naturally in several highlands in Indonesia including Slamet Mountain. Some species of Saurauia had been used as traditional medicines for diabetes, cancer, and cholesterol. The population of Saurauia in Indonesia has been greatly reduced. This study aims to determine its distribution, population size and population structure of Saurauia in Slamet Mountain forest area. It was conducted in 4 locations forest which are on different slopes on Slamet Mountain. Retrieval of population data by following existing track using a purposive sampling method. A measuring plot of 20x20 m2 was made at the location in which Saurauia spp. discovered. The result of this research found 636 individuals in 103 measuring plots. Which consists of 4 species of Saurauia i.e. S. nudiflora DC. (90 individuals), S. pendula Blume (382), S. microphylla de Vriese (145) and S. bracteosa DC. (19). S. microphylla and S. bracteosa are species included in IUCN red list with vulnerable status. Both species require more conservation efforts. The population structure of Saurauia found was dominated by the seedling phase around 45.91%, mature phase 36.01% and juvenile phase 18.08% with varying height and diameter.
Abstract. Hilmi E, Prayogo NA, Junaidi T, Mahdiana A, Fikriyya N. 2023. Adaptive pattern of mangrove species and the mangrove landscaping in the heavy metal polluted area of Eastern Segara Anakan Lagoon, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 2927-2937. The mangrove species have specific adaptations to exclude, accumulate, translocate, and exert heavy metal contaminants. Mangrove species' adaptation to Cadmium (Cd) and Zinc (Zn) pollution are shown by their ability to reduce the negative impact of Cd and Zn pollution. This research aimed to analyze the adaptive pattern and mangrove landscaping in Cd and Zn contaminant areas of Eastern Segara Anakan (E-SAL), Indonesia. Cd and Zn content in different tissues (stem, leaves, and root) of 15 mangrove species were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrometric method. Adaptive pattern and mangrove landscaping were assessed using bioaccumulation factor (BAF) and translocation factor (TF). The results showed that the Cd accumulation varied between 0.0610-0.2300 ppm in the stem, 0.0140-0.0480 ppm in leaves, 0.1501-0.3100 ppm in roots, whereas Zn accumulation varied between 5.7781-37.3409 ppm in the stem, 2.3973-32.2859 ppm in leaves, 10.8380-35.842 ppm in roots. Relatively Cd and Zn accumulation was highest in root than other parts. BAF scores of Cd and Zn varied between 0.0111-0.1760 and 0.1936-0.9017, respectively. TF score of Cd and Zn varied between 0.0642-0.9414 and 0.3419-1.3057, respectively. Based on the adaptation pattern, the mangrove landscape showed that Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh., Rhizophora mucronata Lam., and Rhizophora apiculata Blume were the best accumulator of Cd contaminants. At the same time, A. marina, R. apiculata, and X. granatum were the best accumulator of Zn contaminant. The conclusion explains that mangrove species significantly adapt to life and grow in Zn and Cd-polluted areas. Therefore, mangrove landscaping can be developed to reduce the impact of Zn and Cd pollution.
Abstract. Helmanto H, Nisyawati, Robiansyah I, Zulkarnaen RN, Fikriyya N. 2020. Habitat preference and spatial distribution model of threatened species Saurauia microphylla in Mt. Slamet, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 2946-2954. Saurauia microphylla de Vriese has the potentials for medicinal uses, yet it is listed in the IUCN Red List under Vulnerable status. The natural population of this species is only found in highlands one of which is in Mount Slamet, Central Java, Indonesia. This study aims to determine the population structure, habitat preference and predicted spatial distribution of S. microphylla in the Mount Slamet area. The method used was purposive sampling by establishing 103 observation plots with size of 20x20 m2 for each plot. The research parameters recorded were abiotic variables and biotic associations. Data were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to determine the most influencing environmental factors on the presence of S. microphylla. Species association of S. microphylla was analyzed using the Jaccard index equation. Spatial distribution model was analyzed using Maxent (Maximum Entropy) software. The results showed that S. microphylla populations were found in highland forest areas with elevations of 1689-2265 m above sea level, slope of 3-40°, temperature of 16°-26°C, air humidity of 49.3-90%, soil pH 5.8-7, soil moisture 5-70% and canopy cover of 0-92%. Our analyses revealed that elevation is the most influential factor in the presence of S. microphylla. There are 20 tree species which found around S. microphylla habitat with 4 species have significant association with the species. The spatial distribution model showed that S. microphylla spread across all the slopes of Mount Slamet with the southwestern slope was predicted had the most extensive habitat suitability for the species and become smaller to the north, east, and south slopes.
Ikan Jaguar, Parachromis managuensis merupakan ikan asing dari Famili Cichlidae yang berpotensi menjadi ikan invasif dan mengancam terjadinya penurunan sumberdaya ikan asli dan endemik di perairan Waduk Penjalin, Brebes, Jawa Tengah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi ikan P. managuensis berdasarkan karakter morfometrik dan meristiknya. Pada penelitian ini sebanyak 50 individu ikan P. managunesis dikumpulkan dari nelayan di Waduk Penjalin pada bulan November 2022 dan dianalisis 20 karakter morfometrik dan tujuh karakter meristiknya. Sebanyak 21 ikan berada pada stadia yuwana dan 29 adalah ikan dewasa yang dapat dikelompokkan mejadi tujuh kelas ukuran panjang. One-Way Anova, Analisis Kluster, Principal Component Analysis digunakan untuk menganalisis karakter morfometrik sedangkan uji Kruskal-Wallis digunakan untuk mengetahui adanya perbedaan karakter meristik berdasarkan kelas ukuran panjang. Hasil dari pengujian One-way Anova menunjukkan sebanyak 15 karakter morfometrik berbeda secara signifikan. Ikan pada kelas ukuran kecil (yuwana) dan besar (dewasa) dapat dibedakan berdasarkan karakter morfologi di bagian kepala yakni PoL (Panjang Postorbital), SnL (Panjang Moncong), HL (Panjang Kepala), dan PreDL (Panjang Sebelum Sirip Dorsal). Akan tetapi, karakter meristik menunjukkan tidak adanya perbedaan berdasarkan kelas ukuran panjang ikan.
Indonesian communities have variety of local knowledge in managing natural resource that are formed form heredity. The threat of modernization that is not approporite with local culture causes degradation of local knowledge, including the Jawa ethnic community on the slopes of Mount Slamet. The purpose of this study is to document the local knowledge of the slopes Mount Slamet Community in utilizing majegan (tegalan or kebon) unit landscape. The study was carried out in 3 villages namely, Ragatunjung, Cipetung and Pandansari, Paguyangan District. The method used is a semi-structured interview, observation and literature study. The number of key informants in this study is 8 people and respondents were 30 people. The result showed that the community of slopes of Mount Slamet recognize and utilize majegan (tegalan or kebon) as dry land that used to grow annual vegetable crops and perennial plant that are located separately from the house yard and its use is not moving. Majegan (tegalan or kebon) managed by tumpangsari (intercropped) and only relies on rains water. Some type of trees found around majegan (tegalan or kebon), is jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus), cloves (Syzygium aromaticum), waru (Hibiscus tiliaceus) etc. and annual vegetable crops found include, kol (Brassica juncea), budin (Manihot esculenta), cayenne pepper (Capsicum annuum), corn (Zea mays), potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) etc.
The local communities have local knowledge in utilizing and managing landscape units. The threat of modernization has led to the degradation of local knowledge, including the Javanese community on Mt. Slamet. This study aimed to analyze the plant diversity characteristics of landscape units and determine the important value of landscape units and plant species used by the community. This research was conducted in the Ragatunjung, Cipetung, and Pandansari village, Paguyangan District, Brebes Regency, Central Java. Semi-structured interviews collected Ethnoecological data with eight key informants and 83 respondents selected by purposive sampling and snowball sampling. Data on the level of landscape utilization were analyzed using the Local User's Value Index (LUVI). The community recognizes nine types of landscape units, such as perawisan (yard), wanah (production forest), Majegan (gardens), Sabin (rice fields), Kubang buyut (protected forest plan), tea plantations, Telaga Ranjeng Nature Reserve, Tanah Bengkok and tuk (water sources). Wanah was the most important landscape unit in the community in Ragatunjung (31.27), Cipetung (53.55), and Pandansari (28.17). Oryza sativa had the highest importance value in Sabin (22) and wanah (12) of Ragatunjung. In contrast, Syzygium aromaticum had the highest in Majegan (6.68). Brassica oleracea has the highest importance value in the two landscape units of Cipetung, namely, Majegan (4.20) and settlements (3.5), while in the wanah is Zea mays (11.38). Solanum tuberosum had the highest value in each landscape unit in Pandansari, both in wanah (10.33), Majegan (6.80), and Protection Forest Plan (PFP) (4.13). Categorizing landscapes and their utilization by maintaining certain landscapes, such as the Telaga Ranjeng Nature Reserve and Kubang buyut, directly impact the sustainability and integrity of ecosystems and natural resources in and around the area.
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