Although three-dimensional (3D) printing technology is increasingly used in dental education, its application regarding the provision of online visual augmented feedback has not been tested. Thus, this study aimed to: (1) develop two generations of multicolored 3D-printed teeth that provide visual augmented feedback for students conducting the cavity preparation process, (2) assess students' clinical performance after training on the 3D models, and (3) acquire student feedback. For the first-generation model, augmented feedback was obtained from five 3D-printed teeth models for five cavity preparation procedures. Each model comprised three layers printed in green, yellow, and red indicating whether preparation was acceptable, limited, or unacceptable, respectively. The study used a crossover design in which the experimental group trained on five multicolored models and 10 standard plastic teeth, and the control group trained on 15 standard plastic teeth. Students gave positive feedback of the methodology but complained about the printed material's hardness. Therefore, a second-generation model was developed: the model's occlusal plane was replaced with a harder printed acrylic material, and the experiment was repeated. During training, instructors provided external terminal feedback only for performance on standard plastic teeth. Manual grades for cavity preparations on standard plastic teeth were compared. No significant differences were found between the control and experimental groups in both generations' models. However, less instructor time was needed, and similar clinical results were obtained after training with both generations. Thus, multicolored 3D-printed teeth models promote self-learning during the process of acquiring manual skills and reduce student dependency on instructors. Anat Sci Educ 14: 629-640.

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Objective: This study compared dental, periodontal, oral, and joint/muscle tenderness among Israeli combat-induced post-traumatic stress disorder (Ci-PTSD) war veterans to non-PTSD patients. Study design: This retrospective three-arm study compared oral and facial manifestations between 100 Israeli veterans with Ci- PTSD (study group) and 103 non-PTSD periodontal patients (Control group). The study group was further divided into two subgroups of individuals who received psychiatric medications (40 patients) or did not (60 patients). All patients underwent complete dental, oral, and periodontal examinations, including assessing signs of parafunction. Results: All PTSD patients had poor oral hygiene. The plaque index (PI) was higher in the PTSD group compared to the control group (0.72 ± 0.28 vs. 0.45 ± 0.29, respectively, p < 0.001). The decayed, missing, and filled teeth score (DMFt) was higher in the PTSD population than in the controls (19.97 ± 8.07 vs. 13.05 ± 6.23 p < 0.05). Severe periodontal disease was more common among the PTSD subgroup taking medications (med -group) (62.5%) compared to the nonmedicated group (non-med group) (30.0%) and the controls (27.2%) (p = 0.001). Heavy smoking was more prevalent in the medicated PTSD patients than in other groups. Conclusions: The present study shows higher morbidities in combat-induced PTSD patients, including oral, dental, and periodontal manifestations, especially in medicated patients.

Objective: The aim of the study was to quantify the relationship between excessive occlusal forces reflected by tooth wear, Periodontal ligament space widening (PDLw), TM presence, and radiographic loss of bone support. A secondary aim was to evaluate the correlation of screening specific teeth instead of the entire dentition. Materials and Methods: 1950 Sets of full mouth radiographic surveys were retrospectively analyzed. Radiologic quantification of loss of bone support was performed using the "Schei's ruler" technique. Tooth wear evaluation was classified according to enamel wear in the incisal area, PDL widening was considered when over 0.2mm was measured, and the presence of mandibular torus was inspected. Results: After collecting data from the first 400 radiographs, the correlation between specific teeth and the whole dentition was evaluated. Teeth 41 and 33 showed the best correlation scores to all examined teeth. Tooth wear and loss of bone support were significantly age-related (p<0.001). There was a statistically significant correlation between tooth wear and bone support loss (p<0.001). The odds ratio of having bone loss when tooth wear was present was 2.767. The odds ratio of having bone loss when PDLw was present was 2.585. Conclusion: The present study found a statistically significant correlation between radiographic tooth wear, PDLw, and loss of bone support. Clinical Relevance: The high correlation between tooth wear and radiographic bone loss helps the clinician better understand the etiology of periodontal disease. Prevention and treatment of the disease are multifactorial.