Cyclophosphamide (CYP) is a widely used antineoplastic and immunosuppressive drug, however, despite its efficacy, it has shown extensive multiple organ toxicities, including peripheral neuropathy which significantly affects the quality of life of cancer patients. This study elucidated the protective properties of Shorea roxburghii polyphenol extract (SLPE) in CYP‐induced peripheral neuropathy. Rats were treated with SLPE (100 and 400 mg/kg) for five weeks plus CYP once a week from the second week of SLPE treatment. Using UHPLC‐QTOF‐MS, 54 polyphenolic compounds were identified in SLPE extract. After the treatment period the antinociceptive, anti‐hyperalgesia and antiallodynic effects was evaluated using formalin paw edema, acetic acid abdominal writhing, hot plate, tail immersion and von Frey filament tests. While the locomotive and motor coordination effects were evaluated by open field and rotarod tests. The administration of CYP led to significant increases in mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia, in addition to hyper‐nociceptive responses in the formalin and acetic acid writhing tests. CYP also significantly reduced locomotive activity and motor coordination. SLPE significantly protected against CYP‐induced mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia. Furthermore, SLPE displayed robust antinociceptive effect by counteracting formalin and acetic acid induced hyper‐nociception. In addition, SLPE increased the locomotive activity as well as the grip and motor coordination of the CYP treated rats. In conclusion, these results revealed the protective effects of SLPE against CYP‐induced peripheral neuropathy and could be an effective therapeutic remedy for chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy.
The present manuscript intended to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of ropivacaine on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Results suggested that ropivacaine causes significant inhibition of generation of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β, as well as expression of their synthesizing enzymes, inducible NO synthase, and cyclooxygenase-2. Moreover, ropivacaine causes inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinases as well as nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway and apoptosis in RAW 264.7 cells. Based on the results, it has been suggested that ropivacaine showed beneficial effect against inflammation.
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