The current research was aimed at assessing the yield and grain quality of spring barley inoculated during sowing with microbiological fertilizers “Azotovit” and “Phosphatovit” on leached chernozem in the forest-steppe conditions of the Middle Volga region at a dose of 2 l/t. These microbiological fertilizers “Azotovit” and “Phosphatovit” used for seed inoculation had practically no effect on field germination and safety of spring barley. With the pre-sowing treatment of Azotovit seeds, the sparseness of crops averaged 11.1%, with the treatment of Phosphatovit seeds - 9.5%, and with the treatment of both Azotovit and Phosphatovit seeds amounted to 7.4% at 15.7% on control. The use of the fertilizers led to an increase in the productivity of spring barley seeds up to 3.25 t/ha. The highest grain yield was obtained with the combined use of “Azotovit” and “Phosphatovit”, where the yield was higher than in the control by 0.36 t/ha (12.3%). The number of seeds per 1 crop and the mass of seeds per 1 crop, with the combined use of “Azotovit” and “Phosphatovit”, on average over two years of research increased by 2.8 pcs and 0.108 g, relatively, compared with the control group. Grain quality indicators have improved. Treatment of seeds of spring barley before sowing with micronutrient fertilizers increased the weight of 1000 grains by 3.5 g in comparison with the control group; increased the grain size by 2.7-13.1 g/l. The smallest increase in the grain productivity was observed in the case with seed treatment before sowing “Azotovit” and “Phosphatovit” by 2.7 g/l and 3.9 g/l, relatively, and the greatest increase in the grain productivity was obtained in the case with the combined use of both fertilizers by 13.1 g/l. This indicates a positive effect from the use of microbiological fertilizers in the barley cultivation technology.
The article presents materials on the use of selenium compounds in the production of biological fertilizers, the main active component of which being artificially cultivated nodule bacteria. The objects of research in this work were various types of bacterial organisms used to prepare bacterial fertilizers: symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria (rhizoagrin, rhizotorfin for galega and pea) and free-living agrobacteria (agrophil). Sodium selenate (Na2SeO4) was used as a source of selenium. The most optimal concentration of selenium ions in the liquid culture of microorganisms was 10–4 g/kg. A positive effect of selenium on the titer of finished preparations was observed: on average for the study period Rhizobiumpisum (rhizotorfin for peas) and Agrobacter 10 (agrophil) on the variant with selenium exceeded that on the control variant by 35.2 and 26.6%, respectively. The absolute titer values of the finished preparations Rhizobiumpisum (pea rhizotorfin) and Agrobacter 10 (agrophil) on non-sterile peat turned out to be higher than on sterile peat, although the trend remained. The inoculation of pea seeds with bacterial preparations increased the number of nodules in the flowering phase on the roots of pea plants by 1.8–2.1 times compared with the control. The treatment of pea seeds with rhizotorfin activated by selenium compounds during its manufacture increased the grain yield by 0.51 t/ha (17.1%) compared with the control, and by 0.30 t/ha (10.0%) when inoculated with rhizotorfin.
The manual is compiled in accordance with the program of the course "Botany" for agricultural universities. Theoretical questions and practical tasks on Cytology, histology, vegetative and generative organs of plants, systematics, as well as the basics of ecology and geography of plants are presented. For University students studying in enlarged groups of specialties and directions 35.03.00 "Agriculture, forestry and fisheries", 06.03.00 "Biological Sciences".
В статье приведены результаты исследований по изучению влияния минеральных удобрений и куриного помета на продуктивность клубней картофеля отечественной и зарубежной селекции. В исследованиях, проведенных в 2017-2019 гг. на черноземе выщелоченном в условиях Пензенской области, установлено, что при внесении куриного помета и минеральных удобрений повышается урожайность и качество клубней, что непосредственно связано с обеспеченностью растений питательными веществами. Применение куриного помета в дозе 2 т/га позволило повысить общую урожайность клубней исследуемых сортов картофеля на 22,6-29,5, товарных клубней на 24,3-35,5 по сравнению с вариантом без удобрений. Наибольшую урожайность наблюдали на вариантах с совместным применением мочевины в дозе N30 и сульфата калия в дозе К60 и на вариантах с совместным применением аммофоски в дозе N30Р30К30 и сульфата калия в дозе К30. Применение умеренных доз минеральных удобрений и куриного помета в дозе 2 т/га увеличивает не только урожайность клубней картофеля, но и содержание в клубнях сухого вещества, крахмала и нитратов, не превышающих значения ПДК. Совместное применение азотно-калийных и азотно-фосфорно-калийных удобрений с добавлением сульфата калия в дозах К60 и К30 позволяют улучшить качественные показатели клубней по всем изучаемым сортам.The article presents the results of studies on the influence of mineral fertilizers and chicken manure on the productivity of potato tubers of domestic and foreign selection. In the studies conducted in 2017-2019 on leached chernozem under the conditions of the Penza region, it was found that when chicken manure and mineral fertilizers are applied, the yield and quality of tubers increases, which is directly related to the supply of plants with nutrients. The use of chicken manure at a dose of 2 t/ha allowed to increase the total yield of tubers of the studied varieties of potatoes by 22.6-29.5, marketable tubers by 24.3-35.5 compared with the variant without fertilizers. The highest yields were observed in variants with the combined use of carbamide in a dose of N30 and potassium sulfate at a dose K60 and in variants with a combined use of ammophos at a dose N30P30K30 and potassium sulfate at a dose K30.The use of moderate doses of mineral fertilizers and chicken manure at a dose of 2 t/ha increases not only the productivity of potato tubers, but also the content of dry matter, starch and nitrates in the tubers, not exceeding the MAC value. The combined use of nitrogen-potassium and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizers with the addition of potassium sulfate at doses of K60 and K30 can improve the quality indicators of tubers for all studied varieties.
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