We studied the reliability of some simple clinical signs in the diagnosis of paediatric lower respiratory infection (LRI). Seventy infants and 148 children attending the outpatient department for cough of less than 15 days duration were studied. These children were examined by a paediatrician, and a proforma of simple clinical signs of LRI was filled in. A chest X-ray was taken on the same day and interpreted by a radiologist who did not know the clinical features of the patient. Clinical signs were then compared with X-ray changes, the latter being taken to indicate the presence of LRI. Respiratory rates of greater than 40/min in infants and greater than 30/min in older children were found to be the best indicators of LRI as revealed by a receiver-operating-characteristic curve. Chest indrawing and nasal flaring were found to be associated with moderate and severe disease.
The study was conducted in 265 clinical cases of mammary and skin/ subcutaneous
neoplasms in dogs presented to University Veterinary Hospitals Mannuthy and Kokkalai during
a period of 36 months from October 2017 to September 2020. Mammary neoplasms were found
more in females (51.7 per cent) than in males whereas skin and subcutaneous neoplasms were
found more in male dogs (48.3 per cent). The maximum occurrence of neoplasms was recorded in
the age group of eight to twelve years (38.5 per cent) whereas least occurrence was noticed in the
age group up to four years (9 per cent). Labrador and Rottweiler breeds were found more affected
with neoplasms (38 per cent each) with highest occurrence of mammary neoplasms in inguinal
mammary glands (35.03 per cent) and highest occurrence of skin/ subcutaneous neoplasms on
sites involving trunk region (14.06 per cent cases). Eighty-three per cent of the neoplasm cases
in the present study were pet dogs with a greater number of dogs maintained in outdoor kennels
and 17 per cent of neoplasm was found in free-roaming dogs rescued from streets. Out of total 265
dogs, 37.73 per cent dogs were found to be having commercial dog food as their main feed and 32
per cent dogs were fed with a mixed diet of homemade food and commercial dog food. Among the
cases, 14.71 per cent dogs had a previous history of cancer surgery
Coagulatory abnormalities are common in renal dysfunction in humans. The studies
on coagulatory abnormalities in renal failure in dogs are limited. The present paper deals with
coagulation profile in acute and chronic kidney disease in dogs. The haemostatic defects observed
in acute renal dysfunction included thrombocytopaenia, prolonged capillary bleeding time
(CBT), elevated D-Dimer and hypoantithrombinemia which indicated a hypercoagulable state.
Prolongation of prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), elevated
D-Dimer concentration and hypoantithrombinemia in chronic kidney disease indicated the presence
of hypocoagulable state
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