With rising global reports on reproductive and hematological health indicators, numerous animal based researches have more often focused on herbal-based medical remedies. In this study, the ameliorative potentials of ethanolic leaf extract of Boerhavia diffusa was investigated on reproductive and selected hematological variables in wistar rats [packed cell volume (PCV), total white blood cell count (TWBCC), total red blood cell (TRBCC) count and total Platelet count (TPC)]. Twenty five (25) female wistar rats (between 150-200 g) were procured and acclimatized for two weeks in the animal house of Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State. The rats were then grouped into five (5) groups of five rats each (n = 5). While group I animals received standard rat chow and water at liberty (control), reproductive dysfunction was orally induced in group II rats, using 3.83 mg/kg bw of cypermethrin for 14 days. Groups III, IV and V received (orally) 200 mg/kg bw, 300 mg/kg bw and 400 mg/kg bw of Boerhavia diffusa extract (ethanolic) for five weeks respectively; haven also induced reproductive dysfunction. At the end of the period of administration, animals were euthanized under chloroform anaesthesia and blood sample obtained for hematological analysis, while also harvesting and observing the ovaries for histo-architectural changes. Results from one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a statistically significant (p < 0.05) dose-dependent increase in the PCV TPC and TRBCC levels of all groups compared to control, while TWBCC increased insignificantly across groups. More studies to corroborative the observations from this works highly recommended.
Gnetum africanum(Gnatacae) is a ceremonial delicacy in many parts of Eastern Nigeria and the leaves are either eaten raw or are finely shredded and added to soup.The effect of cyclophosphamide (CP) administration on the liver biomarkers of albino rats and the possible protective role of G.africanum extract was studied. Thirty rats were randomly divided into six groups of five rats each. Groups I-V were injected intraperitoneally with 70 mg/kg of CP on the first day while group VI was not injected with cyclophosphamide. Group I received 10 mL/kg of distilled water orally. Groups II, III and IV received daily dose of 50, 100and 200 mg/kg of extract respectively and group V received levamisole (2.5 mg/kg) for 14 days. The rats were sacrificed 24h after thelast dose and blood samples collected through cardiac puncture into non-heparinized tubes, allowed to clot for 30 min and sera obtained was used for determination ofaspartate amino transaminase (AST), alanine amino transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Histopathology of rat liver was also carried out. Treatment with G. africanum ethanol extract produced significant (P<0.05) decrease in the values of ALT and AST while there were no significant changes (P>0.05) in ALP in Cyclophosphamide induced group. Histopathology examination of liver sections of untreated control group showed hypertrophied central vein with moderate purulent exudates accumulation while those treated with the extracts ameliorated the hepatic damage caused by CP. The present work revealed that G.africanum ethanol extract exerts liver protective effect in albino rats exposed to CP and may offer useful application as supplemental agent in the management of hepatic injuries arising from chemotherapy.
In in-vivo experiments, one of the fastest killers of metabolic processes is prolonged accumulation of free radicals, which are often accomplices of lipid peroxidation reactions. In this wise, though numerous studies have advocated its managements with anti-oxidants, research on antioxidants from herbal source remain inconclusive. Thus, current study determined the anti-antioxidant and lipid lowering tendencies of methanol leaf extract of Dennettia tripetala on alloxan induced diabetic mice. Sixty five (65) mice were procured and randomly assigned into thirteen (13) groups of five mice each. Following period of acclimatization (2 weeks), animals were fed with various treatment as follows; Group 1 (normal control), group 2 (diabetic control), group 3 (received 5 mg/kg of Glibenclamide, a known anti-diabetic agent) and groups 4-13 were given 250 and 500 mg/kg doses of Methanol Extract [ME], N-Hexane Fraction [NH], Ethyl Acetate Fraction [EAF], Butanol [BF] and Water [WF] Fractions respectively. At the end of six (6) weeks treatment period, animals were subjected to overnight fast, with Fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels obtained by means of a glucometer, serum lipid profile levels were assayed (using a spectrophotometer) after obtaining blood samples by cardiac puncture. In the end, obtained data were subjected to statistical comparisons of mean differences, using the one way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Study observed a statistically significant decrease (p < 0.05) in FBG levels of extract treated group [ME] within 10 hours of acute treatment and 14 days short term treatment. Also, Administration of various treatments evoked a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoproteins, with a preponderant significant elevation (p < 0.05) of high density lipoprotein (HDL-cholesterol) levels when compared with diabetic control.
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