Process control and engineering of essentially pollutant-free combustion of wastes. The avoidance, reduction, and utilization of wastes are recognized as exploitable strategies. In spite of these measures, in the future wastes remain which still require treatment. Combustion is possible way substantially converting complex chemical compounds in an environmentally compatible manner. The present paper deals in a general manner with the possibilities of influencing combustion control (primary measures) for wastes in order to obtain minimum levels of pollutants. A difference is made between gaseous, liquid, or powdered wastes and those comprising mixtures of coarse, pasty, and liquid components. The paper deals with mixing mechanisms, temperature control, burn out, pollutant limitation, and the resulting fundamental possibilities of process control and engineering.
SO2-und NOX-Minderungsm6glichkeitenAus der Betrachtung des thermodynamischen Gleichgewichts und der chemischen Kinetik der Additiv-Zersetzungs-und SO2-Einbindungsreaktionen von Ca(OH), und CaCO, mit SO2 zu CaSO, ergeben sich unmittelbar die notwendigen Reaktionsbedingungen fur eine effektive SOz-Einbindung bei hohen Temperaturen: 1 ) gute Dispergierung und Vermischung der Additive im Rauch-2) Einhaltung eines Temperaturfensters von 800 bis 1150 OC; 3) ausreichende Verweilzeit (0,3 bis 0,4 s); 4) Verwendung moglichst feinkorniger Additive (groBe OberflaBei SO2-dotierten Erdgasflammen werden im Drallbrennkammersystem unter optimalen Reaktionsbedingungen Entschwefelungsgrade zwischen 70 und 90 % bei einem molaren Ca/S-Verhaltnis von 2 erreicht [3]. gas; che).Abb. 3. Abhangigkeit der Schadstoffminderungen S0,/S02,,,, und NO,/NO,,,,, von der Luftzahl j l ppri , , , in der ersten Verbrennungsstufe fur Ruckstandsol bei simultaner Schadstoffminderung. Zellerfeld.
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