Results: Data analyses of women (1056), men (281) and children (204) indicate high prevalence of anxiety disorders including PTSD (853 women, 153 men) and depression (73 women, 31 men). Results vary from the observations made from other disasters. Sex ratio shows huge difference in prevalence between males and females. Discussion: Patients with PTSD have dysregulation of HPA axis response. This alteration is more pronounced in case of women. Studies show that estrogen plays important role in the genesis of disease. Dexamethasone suppression test also indicates greater dysregulation of glucocorticoid receptor. Studies reveal predisposition in women for PTSD and depression. Women and children were affected most because most of them were at home and in schools. Hence, they sustained more physical injuries and psychiatric consequences. In our study depression came out to be more prevalent in females. This can be explained as comorbidity of PTSD and because of its own dynamics. Conclusion: After exposure to trauma male and female respond differently.
Introduction: Relapse in patients of opiod addiction is very common. Dynamics of addiction relapse are not fully understood as yet. Psychiatrists would explain it on basis neurotransmitter mediated disorders like anxiety, depression, OCD, lack of impulse control and etc. For sociologist relapse is an outcome of contradictions with in society. For a psychologist it is due to maladaptive life style. In this study integrated approach has been adopted to find out relative importance of different factors implicated in relapse. Method: Team of psychiatrists, psychologists, addiction counselor identified different causes of relapse in patients with opiod addiction. They designed graded scale in which 10 factors were included. Study group was comprised of hundred relapsed patients. They filled Performa's according to their personal experiences. Regression method was used for factor analysis. Results: Statistical analysis revealed that peer group pressure, anhedonia, and premature ejaculation are first, second and third, factors respectively. Factors like pains and aches, insomnia, impulsivity and etc followed. Discussion: Every relapse prevention program should adopt policy keeping in view relative importance of causes of relapse. For peer pressure narcotic anonymous meeting is the best solution. Anhedonia is due to reduction dopaminergic input at nucleus accumben. Dopamine agonist drugs like bupropion can be used for that. Inordinate sexual behavior and substance abuse are strongly associated. Premature ejaculation plays vital role in relapse of patients of opiod addiction. Sex therapy and drugs like SSRI,s and gabapentine can improve intra vaginal latency time. Conclusion: Factor analysis can be helpful in relapse prevention program.
Background: Erectile dysfunction is twice common in patient with depression .Testosterone plays vital role in erectile function. Low testosterone level is found in patients of depression. High level of prolactin has depressive effect on libido function .Hypogonadism and hyperprolactinemia can be the causative factor for depression. Hormonal changes can be both cause and effect of depression with ED. Method: In sample of 76 patients having depression with co morbid ED blood levels of prolactin, and free testosterone were determined. Half of patients were treated with sex friendly antidepressants while in other half mesterolone and piribedil were used as adjunct medicines. Results: In 9.2% free testosterone level was below than reference value. In 28.9% prolactin level was high.51.31 % were found having border line free testosterone level. In younger age group free testosterone level was lower than older age group. There exist inverse relation between prolactin level and free testosterone level .Patients who were given adjunct medication showed rapid improvement both for depression and erectile dysfunction. Discussion: Reduced level of free testosterone and high level of prolactin has bilateral relation with depression with co morbid ED. Although prevalence of hypogonadism and hyperprolactinemia is low in the study yet high numbers of borderline cases are of great significance. It is postulated that fall in sexual function is directly proportional to change in levels of these hormones from the base line that are reversed by adjunct medicines. Conclusion: In patients with concomitant major depression and erectile dysfunction hormonal changes plays important role.
In Malaysia, vehicle recognition system (VRS) such as vehicle plate recognition and counting, is rapidly growing and applied in many areas such as to identify vehicle identities for the law enforcement by authorities and electronic toll collection by highway agencies. Uncovering the region of interest in chaotic illumination environment at free flow road makes localizing license plate is critical process of VRS. Available edge vertical projection claimed to be robust to illumination, however, it tends to create false edges and sensitive to noises that can hinder the recognition performance. Thus, this research aims to propose a license plate localization method that based on exploitable edge analysis.comprising four main steps, namely pre-processing, rectangular blob searching, analysis and the vertical rectangular blobs projection. It calculates total and exploit edge information at y axis of the image. The proposed method is then tested on the European number plate datasets i.e. Baza Slika which contains about 167 vehicle images and Ondrej which contains about 97 vehicle images. The experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the Ondrej method by obtaining accuracy of 95% on Baza Slika dataset and slightly lower by an accuracy of 91% on the Ondrej dataset. Then, the proposed method tested on the Malaysia vehicle dataset namely Tol Sungai Long data set which contains about 584 images of different illumination conditions, i.e. 297 images in the morning, 140 images in the afternoon and 147 images in the night. The proposed method outperforms other approaches with accuracy of 91.24%, 93.57% and 75.51% in the morning, evening and night respectively.
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