Results: Data analyses of women (1056), men (281) and children (204) indicate high prevalence of anxiety disorders including PTSD (853 women, 153 men) and depression (73 women, 31 men). Results vary from the observations made from other disasters. Sex ratio shows huge difference in prevalence between males and females. Discussion: Patients with PTSD have dysregulation of HPA axis response. This alteration is more pronounced in case of women. Studies show that estrogen plays important role in the genesis of disease. Dexamethasone suppression test also indicates greater dysregulation of glucocorticoid receptor. Studies reveal predisposition in women for PTSD and depression. Women and children were affected most because most of them were at home and in schools. Hence, they sustained more physical injuries and psychiatric consequences. In our study depression came out to be more prevalent in females. This can be explained as comorbidity of PTSD and because of its own dynamics. Conclusion: After exposure to trauma male and female respond differently.
Introduction: the current COVID-19 pandemic has occasioned the increased adoption of telemedicine. This study reports the uptake and trend of a new teleconsultation service in a Tanzanian hospital. Methods: this is a retrospective observational study that profiled requests for teleconsultations and uptake of the service between April 1, 2020, and June 30, 2020. Results: two hundred and eighteen telephone inquiries were received over the 3 months. One hundred and sixteen (53.2%) individuals followed through with the teleconsultations. Paediatric (38.8%) and Internal medicine (32.8%) were the subspecialties with the highest number of teleconsultations. In a frame of 3 months, teleconsultation uptake was highest in May and lowest in June. Conclusion: there was a steady rise and a rapid fall in requests and uptake of teleconsultation services over the period under evaluation. Lack of insurance coverage for teleconsultations was a significant barrier. We propose a re-education and reiteration of the benefits of telemedicine to all stakeholders. This is important for the current era and beyond.
Covid-19 is a communicable infective disease and has been the major current health challenge since it emerged in China in late 2019. Although earlier data analyses of Dawei Wang etc. from 138 hospital of China had shown that its mortality rate is less than 5%, shown (4.3%), major concern is its widespread transmission. The Covid-19 pandemic has adversely affected economics and the mental health of millions worldwide. Fear is the one of the psychological outcomes of pandemic, but the psychological impact of the pandemic was overshadowed by financial and economic impact, which are interrelated. Conducted through an online questionnaire, this study evaluates the anxiety level of medical students of Nishtar Medical University and Multan and Quaid-e-Azam Medical College (QAMC) Bahawalpur in southern Punjab of Pakistan by using fear Covid-19 scale. The research employs the fear scale developed by Ahorsu et al. based on unidimensional 7 items, 5-point Likert scale. This scale is a valid and reliable tool and has been used to assess the fear for Covid-19 in general population. This scale has been used internationally by many researchers to measure anxiety levels. The research correlated the socio demographic variables, such as age, sex, education level and living surroundings, with anxiety levels that would help to redesign curriculum for education and to plan programs to enhance the knowledge of medical students for preventive measures against Covid-19. 577 male and female students from 1st to 5th year of bachelor’s in medicine and bachelor’s in surgery (MBBS) with ages ranging from 17 to 25 years participated in this study.
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