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A coupled 1D-2D hydrodynamic model, MIKE FLOOD was used to simulate the flood inundation extent and flooding depth in the delta region of Mahanadi River basin in India. Initially, the 1D model MIKE 11 was calibrated using river water level and discharge data of various gauging sites for the monsoon period (June to October) of the year 2002. Subsequently, the calibrated set up was validated using both discharge and water level data for the same period of the year 2001. The performance of calibration and validation results of MIKE 11 were evaluated using different performance indices. A bathymetry of the study area with a spatial resolution of 90m was prepared from SRTM DEM and provided as an input to the 2D model, MIKE 21. MIKE 11 and MIKE 21 models were then coupled using lateral links to form the MIKE FLOOD model set up for simulating the two dimensional flood inundations in the study area. Flood inundation is simulated for the year 2001 and the maximum flood inundation extent simulated by the model was compared with the corresponding actual inundated area obtained from IRS-1D WiFS image.

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Abstract:The article presents a detailed review on the issues and constraints of hydrodynamic modelling of floods in data-poor countries with large flood-prone rivers. A one-dimensional (1D) hydrodynamic model is used to simulate the river flows with limited available data in the delta region of Mahanadi River basin in India. The shuttle radar topography mission digital elevation models (SRTM DEM) was analyzed and compared with the elevations derived from available topomaps and measured river cross-sections. Subsequently, the SRTM-derived river cross-section elevation values are refined for use in the hydrodynamic model. The 1D hydrodynamic model is set up and calibrated using the refined cross-sections derived from SRTM DEM along with the measured ones and all available river discharge as well as water-level data at different gauging sites for the monsoon period (June-September) of the year 2004. The calibrated set up is validated using both discharge and water-level data for the same period for the years 2001 and 2002. The performance of the calibration and validation results of the hydrodynamic model is evaluated for all the years using different performance indices. The model-simulated discharge and water levels are found to be in close agreement with the observed ones. The study demonstrates the usefulness of using the SRTM DEM to derive river cross-sections for use in hydrodynamic modelling studies.