The results of the study (2016–2018) of the blackcurrant initial breeding material in yield, winter hardiness, resistance to powdery mildew and blackcurrant gall mite in Central Yakutia are presented. The observations were carried out in a breeding garden with a planting scheme of 2 × 1 m. Objects of the research were 90 hybrids of blackcurrant. The studied hybrid forms were divided into 5 genetic groups of different origin, obtained from intercultivar, intraspecifi c, and interspecifi c crosses of descendants of the European (Ribes nigrum ssp. Europaeum (Jancz.)) and Siberian subspecies of blackcurrant (R. nigrum ssp. Sibiricum (E.W.)), Scandinavian currants (R. nigrum ssp. scandicum Hedl.), wild currants (R. dikuscha Fisch. ex Turcz.), few-fl owered currants (R. pausifl orum Turcz. ex Pojark) and recumbent currants (R. procumbens Pall.). The most winter-hardy in the sharply continental climatic conditions of Yakutia are hybrids in the families of the Altaiskaya Late × Yakutskaya (1-2-13), Altaiskaya Late × Lucia (15-13), Podarok Kuzioru × Hara Kytalyk (1-1813, 2-2-13, 2-4-13, 2-16-13), Podarok Kuzioru × Lucia (4-9-13). Resistance to blackcurrant gall mite was shown by hybrid families Altaiskaya Late × Yakutskaya, Altaiskaya Late × Hara Kytalyk, Altaiskaya Late × Lucia, Lama × Hara Kytalyk, Nika × Hara Kytalyk, Sharovidnaya × Hara Kytalyk. American powdery mildew did not affect 78 out of 90 plants of blackcurrant. The hybrids 3-4-13 (Podarok Kuzioru × Hara Kytalyk), 5-13-13 (Sharovidnaya × Hara Kytalyk), 3-11-13, 3-13-13 (Podarok Kuzioru × Pamyati Kyndyla), 516-13, 5-17-13 (Sharovidnaya × Pamyati Kyndyla were characterized by high yields (from 12.5 to 19.4 t/ha). The forms distinguished by individual characteristics can be used in further blackcurrant breeding as sources of economically valuable traits. Hybrid forms 3-4-13 (Podarok Kuzioru × Hara Kytalyk) and 3-6-13, 3-13-13 (Podarok Kuzioru × Pamyati Kyndyla) are of interest as complex sources of high yield, resistance to powdery mildew and blackcurrant gall mite.
The article presents the results of studying the influence of biofactors on the yield of Altai varieties of black currant in the conditions of Yakutia. The purpose of the research is to evaluate and identify the sources of resistance to powdery mildew and kidney mite, high productivity of Altai varieties of black currant in Central Yakutia. Tasks: 1. to study the productivity, disease and pest infectability of Altai varieties of black currant; 2. to identify sources of high resistance to powdery mildew, kidney mite and productivity. The research was conducted at the Yakut Research Institute of Agriculture named after M. G. Safronova in Pokrovsk, Khangalassky ulus of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Objects of research – 10 varieties of black currant selection of the M. A. Lisavenko Research Institute of Natural Sciences. The research was carried out according to the "Program and methodology of variety study of fruit, berry and nut crops" (1973, 1999). Immunity to powdery mildew was shown by the varieties Gift Kuzioru, Altai late, Spherical and Ksyusha. The relationship between the defeat of powdery mildew and yield on average for varieties was r=-0.4. Resistant to the kidney mite variety Lama, 3 points damaged variety Harmony. The correlation coefficient between kidney mite damage and the yield of varieties had a weak positive relationship (r=0.2).According to the high yield (8.9-11.9 t/ha), the varieties Gift Kuzioru, Altai Late and Spherical were distinguished, exceeding the control by 4.3, 3.4 and 3.2 times, respectively.A positive close relationship between the degree of flowering, fruiting and yield of varieties was established (r=0.6).The varieties Nika, Ksenia and Hercules were distinguished by their large fruitfulness. Valuable sources of black currant were identified: for resistance to powdery mildew – the varieties Gift Kuzioru, Altai late, Spherical and Ksyusha; for resistance to the bud mite – the Lama variety; for high yield – the Gift Kuzioru, Altayskaya late and Spherical varieties; for large - fruited-Nika, Ksyusha and Hercules. These varieties are recommended for use in the selection of black currant in the conditions of Yakutia.
Якутский научно-исследовательский институт сельского хозяйства им. М.Г. Сафроноваобособленное подразделение Якутского научного центра Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук Республика Саха (Якутия), г. Якутск, Россия Представлены результаты изучения биологических свойств и продуктивности интродуцированных сортов малины обыкновенной. Объекты исследования -сорта малины обыкновенной (Rubus idaeus L.) Арочная, Прелесть, Персик, Новость Кузьмина, Мальборо, Вислуха, Калининградская. В качестве контроля использовали адаптированный к местным условиям сорт Новость Кузьмина. Исследования проводили в 2016-2018 гг. в плодово-ягодном саду. Схема посадки ленточная -3,0 × 0,5 м. Агротехника общепринятая с пригибанием и прикапыванием побегов слоем земли или перегноя поздней осенью. Изучение проводили согласно общепринятой методике. В среднем по годам в период исследований сорта малины вступали в фазу начало вегетации в начале -середине мая (6-16 мая) при сумме положительных температур 79,3-121,3º. Наиболее ранний срок распускания почек наблюдали у сорта Мальборо. Цветение малины наступало в III декаде июня, через 39-44 дня после начала вегетации. Период цветения у изучаемых сортов растянутый. Созревание плодов малины зарегистрировано в конце июля. Окончание роста у всех сортов не отмечено. В результате коллекционного сортоизучения малины выделен высокоурожайный сорт Прелесть (3,6 т/га). По крупноплодности отличались сорта Арочная и Персик (105,5-106,8 г/100 ягод). Данные сорта рекомендованы к возделыванию на участках личных подсобных, фермерских и других хозяйств в условиях Центральной Якутии, а также для использования в селекционной работе как источники продуктивности и крупноплодности.
Abstract. The results of the study of interspecific black currant hybrids are presented by the method of distant hybridization created in Central Yakutia. Six high-yielding, large-fruited and powdery mildew resistant Altai varieties were crossed with local varieties, which are based on the following currant species – R. dikuscha Fisch. ex Turcz, Ribes pausiflorum Turcz. ex Pojark. and R. procumbens Pall. to develop new adapted varieties. The aim of the research is to evaluate interspecific hybrids of black currant and promising forms to identify for the conditions of Central Yakutia. Objectives are to study the resistance of black currant hybrids to winter damage, powdery mildew and kidney mites; fruitful forms identify; the sources of positive signs and valuable promising forms highlight. Methods. The work was carried out in accordance with the program and methodology of variety study and selection of fruit, berry and nut crops. The hybrids were evaluated in the field against a natural background. Scientific novelty. New sources of economically valuable traits and promising hybrids for black currant breeding in Yakutia will be identified. Results. 13 sources of winter hardiness, 5 - yield were selected as a result of the study of black currant hybrids. A high yield of hybrids immune to powdery mildew was observed in 4 families, and to a kidney mite in 5 families. The selected sources of valuable traits and crossbreeding combinations will be further used in the work on black currants to create a new breeding material. The selected sources of economically valuable traits will be used in the future in the selection of black currants to create a new source material. Two promising forms of black currant distinguished themselves - 1-12-13 (Altayskaya pozdnyaya × Pamyati Kyndyla) and 2-9-13 (Podarok Kuzioru × Khara Kytalyk) according to the complex of features. They are of interest and will be studied for practical breeding.
Приведены результаты многолетних комплексных исследований по селекции и семеноводству сельскохозяйственных культур, разработки в области земледелия, растениеводства и кормопроизводства в условиях криолитозоны. Итогом исследовательской работы в последние годы является создание сортов зерновых культур, кормовых трав, картофеля и ягодных культур, разработка технологий в области кормопроизводства и защиты растений. Созданные сорта обладают повышенной и стабильной урожайностью, раннеспелостью, устойчивостью к засухе, заморозкам, суточным перепадам температуры и болезням. Аграрный вестник Приморья Ключевые слова: селекция и семеноводство, сельскохозяйственные культуры, кормопроизводство, технологии, защита растений, плодородие мерзлотных почв.
In Yakutia’s harsh natural and climatic conditions, growing only adaptive, highly winter-hardy blackcurrant varieties that can tolerate frosts below -50˚С is possible. In this regard, it is relevant to study the winter hardiness of hybrids and the selection of resistant samples. The purpose of the study is to identify winterhardy hybrid forms of black currant in the conditions of Central Yakutia. The studies were conducted in 2019–2021 at the Yakutsk Research Institute of Agriculture in a fruit and berry nursery. The objects of research are hybrid forms of 9 families of black currant. Inter-varietal crosses obtained the mixed material. During the study period, the weather conditions of winter were somewhat different. The winter of 2020/21 was cha-characterised by particular severity. The average air temperature in January was -46.3°C and the absolute winter minimum was -56.4°C. The frostiness of the winter was -4679.2°C and the snow depth was 30.5 cm.). The output of winter-hardy seedlings for all families was 23.6%. As a result of the study, 11 highly winter-hardy hybrid forms of various genetic origins were identified - 1-7-18, 2-8-18, 2-13-18, 2-14-18, 2-16-18, 4-12-18, 2- 19-18, 3-14-18, 3-22-18, 4-1-18, 3-2-18. They will be used in the practical breeding of blackcurrant as sources of high winter hardiness and varieties with a complex of economically valuable traits - as the ancestors of new types.
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