In view of changing lifestyle with dietary habits, there is a possibility of developing obesity. The results in this research show a direct relationship between obesity and periodontal diseases by measuring body mass index (BMI) and NC in the age group of 16 to 35 years females in Saudi Arabia. Thus, it helps in preventing and managing obesity, especially among youth.

Recently, it was recognized that T2D is characterized by impaired fat metabolism in addition to glucotoxicity. Overconsumption of energy-dense foods results in excessive fat deposition and enhanced insulin resistance. Free fatty acids (FFAs) delivered to the liver via the portal vein result in fatty liver. FFAs spill into the systemic circulation resulting in lipotoxicity of organs such as pancreas, heart and muscles initiating a viscous cycle of fat damage, inflammation, worsening insulin resistance and beta cell insulin secretion, and ultimately manifestation of T2D. Visceral fat content is an independent predictor of insulin resistance, whilst adipokines such as adiponectin protect against obesity-induced T2D. Further study of the precise mechanisms of lipotoxicity in the development of T2D will enable development of novel strategies to manage and eventually prevent onset of T2D in the context of obesity. In this brief review article, we discuss the currently-understood intricate associations between obesity and T2D and options for management.

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The periodontal therapies along with systemic antibiotic therapy aim at eliminating the subgingival microbiota to arrest the progression of periodontal diseases. The complete elimination is often difficult, and thus the probability of repopulation after periodontal therapy is also high. The objectives of the study are to develop in situ thermoreversible gelling system of green tea catechins suitable for periodontal pocket administration, which would act as an adjunct to mechanical periodontal therapy. Gel is prepared on a weight basis using a cold process. In vitro drug release pattern is observed through spectrophotometer analysis at 277 nm. The gel is subjected to serial dilution analysis to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and disc diffusion analysis to determine the in vitro antibacterial effectiveness. Release pattern studies showed a complete release of drug from gel occurred by 36 h. A volume of 1.25 mg/ml was determined as MIC required against the periodontal pathogens. Disc diffusion analysis showed a 14 mm zone of inhibition is present around the 75 µl well for all the four species and 12 mm zone of inhibition around the 50 µl well. The advantage of F-127 is its thermoreversible nature that used for in situ gel formulation. Pluronic gel proved to be a promising carrier for prolong and effective release of green tea catechin.