This paper discusses the case report on Mycoplasma infection in cat and its timely diagnosis by blood smear examination and haematology. It also discusses the treatment and response of the cat for the disease. Haemobartonellosis in cats is caused by Mycoplasma haemofelis, formerly known as Haemobartonella felis. An eight months old Persian cat was received in the Small Animal Clinics, Out Patient Ward, Medicine department, Madras Veterinary College with the history to suspect for feline Mycoplasmosis. Peripheral blood smear and whole blood sample was collected and subjected to blood smear examination and whole blood for routine haematological study. It revealed codocytosis, anisocytosis and hypochromasia. Few ghost cells also were seen. Nearly 80-85% of the RBCs revealed darkly stained small organism at the rim or periphery of the cells.
Background: Haemoprotozoan infections are common in canine in tropical countries. The present work was based on retrospective study of 11,000 blood smears of dogs received over a period of nine years (2010 to 2019) in and around Chennai at Madras Veterinary College Teaching Hospital. Methods: The year-wise incidence, percentage increase year-wise, season-wise, breed-wise and age-wise prevalence and spatial distribution were recorded from the case reports. Diagnosis was made by whole blood and buffy coat smear examination using Geimsa’s stain, wet film examination was done for cases suspected for Trypanosoma sp. and PCR for ruling out Babesia, E.canis and Trypanosoma sp. The collected data were entered into Excel sheets, which were imported and analyzed using Descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage).Result: On blood smear examination 3,844 blood smears were found to be positive for various Haemoprotozoan diseases. Among the recorded positive Haemoprotozoan diseases, the highest incidence was of Ehrlichia canis of 2167 cases (56.37%) followed by Babesia gibsoni with 837 cases (21.77%), Hepatozoan canis with 399 cases (10.37%), Babesia canis with 350 cases (9.10%), Trypanosoma sp. With 46 cases (1.19%), Microfilaria with 45 cases (1.12%). The prevalence of Canine Haemoprotozoan diseases were highest in Non-descript Dogs (ND) with 1948 cases (50.67%), Labrador retriever 1665 cases (43.31%), Spitz 909 cases (23.64%), German Shepherd 543 cases (14.12%) and others 219 cases (5.69%) respectively. Maximum number of cases reported were 43.7% in the age group of 2-6 years followed by 38% cases in 0-2 years, 10.58% cases in 6-10 years and 7.51% cases above 10 years of age. Maximum number of cases were recorded during Monsoon season (June to September) with 1337 cases (34.78%) followed by 1001 cases (26.04%) during Summer season (March to May), 838 cases (21.80%) during winter season (December to February) and 668 cases (17.37%) Autumn season (October and November). The percentage change in occurrence of Canine Haemoprotozoan diseases follow the pattern of 2012 (-31.9%), 2013 (-23.11%), 2014 (+19.3%), 2015 (+39.06%), 2016 (+12.05%), 2017 (+104.11%), 2018 (+22.64%) and 2019 (+16.81%). The spatial distribution of the same diseases was plotted in Chennai geographical map. The epidemiological study would help the veterinary physician to identify the trends in occurrence of disease and clinical pattern followed by the protozoa, which helps in treatment and control of haemoprotozoan diseases in dogs.
Nasopharyngeal swabs collected from 12 horses (Eight with submandibular edema and 4 without any symptoms or lesion) brought to Madras veterinary college were screened for Streptococcus equi (S.equi) infection by culturing in Edwards medium base and PCR technique. Out of the 8 samples screened from the horses with submandibular lymphadenitis, 3 were found to be positive for S.equi and out of the 4 samples taken from apparently healthy horses, one was found to be positive for S.equi by culture and by PCR. The current study highlights the importance of initiating the regular screening process for strangles from both clinically affected as well as apparently healthy horses so as to prevent its spread in equine population and for initiating proper eradication programme.Page2 horses, as disease has very high morbidity. Hence, PCR is a suitable technique for rapid screening of the suspected farms. Materials and MethodsNasopharyngeal swabs were collected from eight horses brought to Madras Veterinary College clinics from a nearby farm with a history of submandibular lymphadenitis. As the clinical signs were suggestive of Strangles, a contagious disease, farmers were advised to bring the rest of the horses for health checkup separately and swabs were collected from those four apparently health horses too. The swabs were subjected to culture in Edwards Medium Base, Modified (Hi-Media, Catalogue No M748) and allowed to grow for 24 hours. The organisms were picked and mounted in a slide and stained with gram's stain as per the standard protocol (Sweeney et al. 2005). The swabs were later on used for DNA extraction using DNA extraction kit ((EZ-10 Spin Column DNA Gel Extraction Kit, Catalogue No, BS654, Biobasic Inc, Canada). Diagnostic PCR was carried out using published primers position in the genome of Streptococcus equi targeted by the primer sequence at n1-n1547 with the amplified product size of 1547bp as per the earlier description (Chanter et al., 2000). The cyclic conditions for PCR were initial denaturation at 95 °C for 2 min, followed by 30 cycles of denaturation at 94 °C for 1 min, annealing at 54 °C for 2 min and extension 72 °C for 2 min, and then a period of 5 min of final extension at 72 °C using Taq PCR Master Mix (Red Dye) Catalog Number: BS9298, (Biobasic Inc, Canada). Amplified products were resolved in 1% agarose gel with 3kb DNA ladder Catalogue Number: GM 347 (Biobasic Inc, Canada). Results and DiscussionOut of the 8 samples screened from the horses showing signs of submandibular lymphadenitis (Fig-1), 3 samples were found positive for Streptococcus equi and out of the 4 samples taken from apparently healthy horses one sample was found positive for Streptococcus equi by culture in Edwards Medium Base ( Fig. 2a&b) (Sweeney et al. 2005) and also by PCR. The positive samples gave a product of 1547 bp on the analysis of PCR product (Fig-3). The detection of strangles from an apparently healthy horse indicates that the horse was carrier for the disease. Outwardly healthy horses have been recognized as a ma...
BACKGROUND Elderly people have increased susceptibility to infection and are at significantly increased risk of morbidity and mortality due to various common infections. Urinary tract and respiratory tract infections predominate in elderly people. Gram negative pathogens especially E. coli are commonly observed pathogens. In gram positive infections, staphylococcus is usually isolated from skin and soft tissue infections. METHODS Data was collected prospectively between the months of March 2015 and August 2016. Patient demographics and clinical data were recorded from oral questionnaires and hospital records. 219 patients satisfied the inclusion criteria. All patients were subjected to basic investigations with blood and urine cultures at the time of admission. Other cultures like respiratory or pus cultures were collected as and when needed. Specific investigations such as ultrasound abdomen, computed tomography kidneys, ureters and bladder (CT KUB), CT thorax, echocardiography, neuroimaging and procalcitonin were done in certain patients when required. RESULTS Of the 219 patients included in this study, 127 (58 %) were males and 92 (42 %) were females. Mean age of the study population was 72.40. The most common source of bacteraemia was urinary in 33 % and was unknown in 25 %. The most common organism isolated in blood culture was Staphylococcus aureus followed by E. coli. Respiratory infections had unidentified pathogens in 81 % of patients. The most common organism isolated from respiratory secretions was klebsiella followed by acinetobacter and pseudomonas. 11 % of patients developed multi organ dysfunction syndrome of which urinary and respiratory systems were the most common primary sources of infection. CONCLUSIONS A significant incidence of unidentified source of infection was observed. Staphylococcus bacteraemia was a significant observation as E. coli is reported to be common. Urinary tract and respiratory infections were seen to be associated with increased incidence of multiorgan dysfunction. KEYWORDS Elderly, Febrile Illness, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Multiorgan Dysfunction
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