The article presents the results of experimental studies on optimizing the planting density of medicinal plants of the Lamiaceae Juss family. (Gubotsviti) as a factor in the formation of their productivity in conditions of drip irrigation. Research work has been carried out with the most common medicinal crops of this family: oregano (Origanum vulgare L.), lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.), peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) in the conditions of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine during 2016-2020 on the lands of the Experimental Station of Medicinal Plants of the Institute of Agroecology and Nature Management of NAAS (Lubny district of Poltava region) with the participation of the Institute of Water Problems and Land Reclamation of NAAS. In a one-factor field experiment, 8 elementary variants of planting density were studied: from 33 thousand / ha to 222,0 thousand /ha. Studies have shown that, despite genetic relatedness, members of the family Lamiaceae Juss. have a demonstrably different response to the density of planting under drip irrigation. Thus, the highest yield of dried oregano grass for both the first and second year of cultivation was obtained in the variant with a planting density of 166,7 thousand plants / ha. The most productive crops of lemon balm in the first and second years of cultivation were at a density of 83,3 thousand plants / ha. The highest yield of thyme for the first year was obtained in the variant of 222,0 thousand plants / ha, and for the second year - in the variant with a density of 111,0 thousand plants / ha. Peppermint formed the highest productivity at densities of 55,6 thousand plants /ha in both the first and second year of the growing season. A new scientific result is the obtained dependences of the yield of medicinal plants of the family Lamiaceae Juss. from the number of plants per unit area, which are described by the corresponding mathematical equations.
The purpose of the research was to establish the influence of cultivation technologies on the productivity of narrow-leaved lavender. In a two-factor field experiment, the effects of three options for planting density (14.9 thousand plants/ha, 20.0 thousand plants/ha, 28.6 thousand plants/ha) and five options for the main application of mineral fertilizers (N 90 P 90 K 90 , N 120 P 120 K 120 , N 180 P 180 K 180 and N 240 P 240 K 240 ) on biometric dimensions, inflorescence yield, essential oil yield were studied. In a one-factor experiment, the influence of the foliar application of mineral fertilizers (N, P, K separately and NPK together) on the productivity of inflorescences and the content of essential oil was studied.It was established that increasing the density of planting plants increased the productivity of narrow-leaved lavender. In the variants with the highest planting density -28.6 thousand plants/ha, the yield of freshly picked inflorescences was from 5.51 to 9.48 t/ha, and the yield of essential oil was from 61 to 107 l/ha, depending on the dose of fertilizer application. A positive effect of the application of mineral fertilizers on lavender yield and essential oil yield was revealed. The highest yield of freshly picked inflorescences of 5.49-9.79 t/ha and the yield of essential oil 60-107 l/ha, depending on the density of planting, was obtained with the main application of mineral fertilizers in the dose of
The influence of planting density of thyme plants on its productivity under drip irrigation has been studied. Economic calculations of seedling cultivation efficiency have been performed. It was found that in the first year of thyme vegetation due to low yields and high costs for the plantation, the profitability of production is close to zero and only in the version with a density of 111 thousand plants/ha it is 11,6%. In the second year, the cost of growing thyme is lower compared to the first year of the growing season, the yield of dry raw materials is higher, as a result, economic indicators are much higher, the profitability of production is from 42,0 to 158,3%. It was found that from the economic point of view, the most effective is the cultivation of thyme with a density of 111 thousand plants / ha, both in the first and second years of the growing season. Analyzing the structure of costs for cultivation and primary processing, the factors that most significantly affect the cost of raw materials are identified. The most costly item in the cost structure is wages. In the first year of cultivation it accounted for 35,6–47,4% of total costs, in the second year the share was 53,3–53,4%. This article is quite significant due to the involvement of manual labor for the care of crops. The high efficiency of seedling cultivation of thyme under the conditions of drip irrigation has been proved.
Studies have been conducted to establish the influence of plant growth regulators and drip irrigation on the productivity of marshmallow in the first year of the growing season. It was found that the increase in dry grass yield from the use of growth regulators ranged from 0.15 t/ha to 0.88 t/ha without irrigation. In the variants with the use of irrigation, the increase in yield ranged from 0.29 t/ha to 1.16 t/ha. It was found that the yield of dry roots without irrigation with the use of growth regulators increased by 0.05–0.42 t/ha compared to the option without the introduction of growth regulators (control). Under irrigation conditions, the use of growth regulators helped to increase the yield of dried roots of marshmallow by 0.12 0.47 t/ha relative to control. The highest productivity of marshmallow grass was obtained with the application of Emistin and Vimpel, where the yield was 4.69 and 4.88 t/ha without irrigation, in the variants with irrigation the yield was 7.31 and 7.44 t/ha of dry raw materials. The highest yield of dried marshmallow roots without irrigation was in the variants with the application of Vimpel and Potassium Humate where it was 1.89 and 1.95 t/ha. Under irrigation conditions, the highest root yield of 2.22–2.34 t/ha was obtained in the variants with the introduction of Emistin, Potassium Humate and Vimpel. The study of the effect of drip irrigation on the yield of dry raw material of marshmallow showed a positive effect, on average, the increase in yield from the use of irrigation was 2.5 t/ha of grass and 0.39 t/ha of roots. In a study of the influence of growth regulators on the share of leaves in raw materials, it was found that without irrigation among the studied options, the percentage of leaves ranged from 43.5 to 46.7%. The use of Sodium Humate provided the raw material with the largest share of leaves. The smallest share of leaves was under the control and with the introduction of growth regulators of Potassium Humate and Emistin. Under irrigation, the share of leaves in raw materials ranged from 42.9 to 47.1%. The lowest percentage of leaves in the raw material was recorded in the version with the introduction of the growth regulator of Potassium Humate, the highest percentage of leaves was in the version with the introduction of Pennant.
A study was conducted to establish the effect of different planting densities of oregano plants on its yield under drip irrigation. The economic estimation of the developed technologies of cultivation is executed. The profitability of crop production in the first and second year of cultivation was calculated. It is established that the economic indicators in the first year of growing oregano are not high, due to the low yield of dry raw materials — a biological feature of the culture. In the second year of growing oregano, the yield of dry raw materials was much higher, as a result, economic indicators were quite high, the profitability of production ranged from 162.1 to 264.4%. Based on the analysis of the cost structure, the factors that most significantly affect the cost of raw materials are identified. The high efficiency of the seedling method of growing oregano under conditions of drip irrigation has been proved.
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