Plant forms were selected from seed generation of Thymus serpillum L. and Thymus pulegioides L. introduced in Kherson region. These forms differ by morphobiological grounds and the content and composition of essential oil. In the process of chemical research we selected forms of T. serpillum and T. pulegioides and found that the maximum mass fraction of essential oil was found in the form of T. Serpillum-No.17-07 and amounted to 0.29% of freshly weight or 1.1% by weight air-dry material. In plants form T. serpillum18-07, those indicator was slightly lower — 0.18 and 0.67% respectively. Composition component of essential oil was studied. The dominant components of the essential oil of two forms of Thymus serpillum is thymol and γ-terpynen. Mass fraction of thymol in oil in the form No.17-07 is 40.70%, in the form No.18-07 — 40.29%. Mass fraction γ-terpynenu — 12.88% and 23.31% respectively. The main components of the essential oil of Thymus pulegioides L. form No.2/6-07 are neral and heranial (amounting to 50.25%).
The article presents the results of experimental studies on optimizing the planting density of medicinal plants of the Lamiaceae Juss family. (Gubotsviti) as a factor in the formation of their productivity in conditions of drip irrigation. Research work has been carried out with the most common medicinal crops of this family: oregano (Origanum vulgare L.), lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.), peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) in the conditions of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine during 2016-2020 on the lands of the Experimental Station of Medicinal Plants of the Institute of Agroecology and Nature Management of NAAS (Lubny district of Poltava region) with the participation of the Institute of Water Problems and Land Reclamation of NAAS. In a one-factor field experiment, 8 elementary variants of planting density were studied: from 33 thousand / ha to 222,0 thousand /ha. Studies have shown that, despite genetic relatedness, members of the family Lamiaceae Juss. have a demonstrably different response to the density of planting under drip irrigation. Thus, the highest yield of dried oregano grass for both the first and second year of cultivation was obtained in the variant with a planting density of 166,7 thousand plants / ha. The most productive crops of lemon balm in the first and second years of cultivation were at a density of 83,3 thousand plants / ha. The highest yield of thyme for the first year was obtained in the variant of 222,0 thousand plants / ha, and for the second year - in the variant with a density of 111,0 thousand plants / ha. Peppermint formed the highest productivity at densities of 55,6 thousand plants /ha in both the first and second year of the growing season. A new scientific result is the obtained dependences of the yield of medicinal plants of the family Lamiaceae Juss. from the number of plants per unit area, which are described by the corresponding mathematical equations.
The impact of nutrition area on Thymus vulgaris L. accumulation of essential oils in dry raw materials (Thymiherba) was studied and described in the article. Four schemes of cultivation were chosen to be studied: 45×40 cm — 56 thousand plants/ha, 45×30 cm — 74 thousand plants/ha, 45×20 cm — 111 thousand plants/ ha, 45×10 cm — 222 thousand plants/ha. It was shown that the increase of nutrition area helped to increase the content of essential oils in dry raw materials. Dry thyme grass with the highest content of essential oil 21.3 ml/kg was obtained when variants with the largest plant nutrition area were applied (the schemes of cultivation 45×40 cm — 56 thousand plants/ha). Reduction of the nutrition area decreased the essential oil content. According to the scheme of cultivation 45×30 cm (74 thousand plants/ha) content decreased to 20.8 ml/kg, and for the minimal nutrition area 45×10 cm (222 thousand plants/ha) the content of essential oil was 18.5 ml/kg. It was confirmed that main part of the essential oil in the raw thyme is contained in leaves, flowers and small sprouts. At the same time the woody stems contain essential oil only in trace amounts. According to the cultivation scheme 45x10 cm (222 thousand plants/ha) the leaves contained 34.2 ml/kg of essential oil, when the stems only 2.1 ml/kg. When the area of plant nutrition was increased the quality of raw materials slightly improved — for the scheme of cultivation 45x30 cm (74 thousand plants/ha) leaves contained 35.9 ml/kg, stems — 2.1 ml/kg of essential oil. The content of essential oil in the leaves was the highest — 36.2 ml/kg while using the scheme with maximum researched plant nutrition area 45×40 cm (56 thousand plants / ha). The efficiency of four norms of basic mineral fertilizers application was investigated: N0P0K0, N60P60K60, N120P120K120 and N180P180K180. It was found that increasing the rate of fertilizer application increased the yield of dry raw thyme and the content of essential oil. The most effective rate of fertilizer application is N180P180K180, which provided a dry leaves yield of 2.48 t/ha with an essential oil content of 38.2 ml/ha.The results showed that with the increase of the number of plants per unit area, the share of leaves in the total mass of raw materials decreased from 52.3% to 45.1%, but due to a significant increase in plantation productivity, dry leaf yields increased. The highest productivity was recorded for the variant of cultivation schemes 45×10 cm with a planting density of 222 thousand plants/ha, where the yield of dried thyme leaves was 1.52 t/ha.
The purpose of the research was to establish the influence of cultivation technologies on the productivity of narrow-leaved lavender. In a two-factor field experiment, the effects of three options for planting density (14.9 thousand plants/ha, 20.0 thousand plants/ha, 28.6 thousand plants/ha) and five options for the main application of mineral fertilizers (N 90 P 90 K 90 , N 120 P 120 K 120 , N 180 P 180 K 180 and N 240 P 240 K 240 ) on biometric dimensions, inflorescence yield, essential oil yield were studied. In a one-factor experiment, the influence of the foliar application of mineral fertilizers (N, P, K separately and NPK together) on the productivity of inflorescences and the content of essential oil was studied.It was established that increasing the density of planting plants increased the productivity of narrow-leaved lavender. In the variants with the highest planting density -28.6 thousand plants/ha, the yield of freshly picked inflorescences was from 5.51 to 9.48 t/ha, and the yield of essential oil was from 61 to 107 l/ha, depending on the dose of fertilizer application. A positive effect of the application of mineral fertilizers on lavender yield and essential oil yield was revealed. The highest yield of freshly picked inflorescences of 5.49-9.79 t/ha and the yield of essential oil 60-107 l/ha, depending on the density of planting, was obtained with the main application of mineral fertilizers in the dose of
Aim: collection of local wild and cultural gene pool accessions of the plants adapted to the conditions of Chernivetska and Ternopilska oblasts of Ukraine for selection from them ones valuable on economic and biological traits, including them in the plant-breeding and research programs and maintenance in collections of the National Plant Genebank of Ukraine. Results and Discussion. There is carried out expeditionary inspection of the districts of Chernivtsi and Ternopil regions of Ukraine. 495 gene pool accessions of cultural plants and wild relative forms adapted to the conditions of this region related to 241 botanical taxones are collected. 230 accessions belong to cultivated plants, 265 to wild ones. 283 herbarium sheets of 65 plant species are prepared. Natural reserves and objects of the naturally-protected fund are explored for seed collection of rare and regionally rare species, and also vegetation of burial mounds, ravines, beams, slopes, undisturbed meadow and steppe areas. Points for the establishment of in situ conservation reserves have been identified. The collected material will ensure the expansion of the genetic base of existing and the creation of new genetic resources collections of field, medicinal and other crops due to samples characterized by adaptability to stress abiotic and resistance to biotic factors, productivity, product quality. Conclusions. 473 seeds packages and planting material units of gene pool accessions are collected during the expedition and transferred to research institutions for the study. The results of the expedition showed the promise of continuing expeditionary surveys and collecting gene pool samples in Ukraine. To do this, it is necessary to equip the NCPGRU with a specialized vehicle and provide for a special article to finance expeditions.
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