Background: Serotonin plays the role of critical signal molecule in great number of physiologic processes and pathologic symptoms of gastrointestinal tract. As a gastrointestinal hormone serotonin takes place in the regulation of smooth muscle motor activity and glandular secretion. It affects the gastrointestinal sensation of pain, nausea and vomiting. The aim of our study is to determine the presence and localization of serotonin-producing EC cells and distribution of serotonin receptor 5-НТR3 in the human stomach.
The great many hormones released by the endocrine cells of the glands and lining epithelium of gastric mucosa determine its signifi cance for the processes in the gastrointestinal tract. One of these hormones, serotonin, plays an important role in the regulation of the motility, secretion and sensation in the gastrointestinal tract. The AIM of the present study was to conduct immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies of serotonin-producing EC cell of gastric mucosa. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Gastric mucosa biopsies were obtained and studied immunihistochemically for serotonin expression in the mucosa endocrine cells. Electron microscopic study was performed to specify the processes of synthesis, accumulation and release of secretory product by those cells. RESULTS: The immunohistochemical study revealed a considerable number of serotonincontaining EC cells scattered in the lining epithelium and between the glands in the corpus and pyloric region of the stomach. The electron microscopic study followed the stages of formation of the secretory granules from the initial accumulation of granular substance, its membrane packing and formation of mature granules to their disintegration in the secretory process. CONCLUSIONS: Serotonin as a neurotransmitter and gastrointestinal hormone appears to be a key to understanding a number of symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders like nausea, vomiting, pain, diarrhea and constipation. A detailed study of serotonin functions in the gastrointestinal tract realised through different types of receptors, and of the development of specifi c antagonists and agonists to these receptors would open up new opportunities for a more effi cient treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.
gestation day, as well as in the epithelial lining and glands of the stomach and small intestine of one-day-old rats. A ghrelin receptor is expressed in the same periods in endoblastic and myoblastic cells of the developing digestive tube in embryos and fetuses, as well as in the epithelial lining and glands of the stomach and small intestines of newborn rats. Conclusion: Ghrelin-producing cells in the gastro
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