Serotonin and its Functions as Gastrointestinal Hormone

Abstract

Background: Serotonin plays the role of critical signal molecule in great number of physiologic processes and pathologic symptoms of gastrointestinal tract. As a gastrointestinal hormone serotonin takes place in the regulation of smooth muscle motor activity and glandular secretion. It affects the gastrointestinal sensation of pain, nausea and vomiting. The aim of our study is to determine the presence and localization of serotonin-producing EC cells and distribution of serotonin receptor 5-НТR3 in the human stomach.

Identification of serotonergic 5HT-3B type receptors in broiler’s small intestine

“…Approximately 90% of the total content of serotonin in the body is located in the gastrointestinal tract, i.e enterochromaffin cells isolated from the stomach and intestines (Kato, 2013;Rang et al 2015;Riviere and Papich, 2009). It is peripheral and the most evident effect of serotonin on smooth muscles of gastrointestinal tract (Penkova and Nikolova, 2017;Rang et al, 2015). Serotonin, among other substances, causes contractions of smooth muscles of bovine rumen (Muminovic et al, 2000), regulates the motility of the digestive system, enhances secretion, etc.…”

“…5-HT3 receptors in the enteric nervous system regulate gut motility, secretion, and peristaltic movements and are involved in information transfer in the gastrointestinal tract (Galligan, 2002). Some authors tried to identify the 5-HT3 receptors in isolated smooth muscles from gastrointestinal tract of rats (Glatzle et al, 2002), jejunum of rats (Veeresh et al, 2009), bovine rumen (Muminovic et al, 2000), human small intestine (Coleman et al, 2003), human stomach (Penkova and Nikolova, 2017), smooth intestine musculature during the turkey fattening phase (Katica, 2015) and effect of 5-HT3 receptors on gastric motility in fasted and fed dogs (Nagakura et al, 1997), but not in smooth muscles of broilers small intestines. There is a general agreement that 5-HT3 receptors in the intestinal tract are located on enteric sensory neurons and activate a cholinergic mechanism to stimulate secretion (Hendriks et al, 1989).…”

Continuous-Flow Synthesis of (–)-Oseltamivir Phosphate (Tamiflu)

“…Due to the safety concerns of handling aziridines, [24][25][26][27] we further demonstrated in situ generation and consumption of aziridine 6 to afford 3-pentyl ether 7 in 87% yield in 20 s residence time (Figure 4).…”