Theoretical and methodological foundations for evaluating the effectiveness of managing the budget process at its initial stage are deepened, views of various experts on the management effectiveness when drawing up, reviewing the draft law and adopting it are considered. It is substantiated that in recent years the procedure and terms of submitting the draft and adopting the Law of Ukraine “On the State Budget of Ukraine” have been repeatedly violated. The necessity to increase the budget management effectiveness at the first stage of the budget process is proved. The questionnaire of the public poll is developed, on the basis of which the evaluation of the management effectiveness when drawing up, reviewing of the draft Law of Ukraine “On the State Budget of Ukraine” and its adoption is made.Indicators that allow characterizing the budget management effectiveness when drawing up, reviewing and approving the state budget are proposed. The proposed calculations are based on the assertion that the efficiency is a component of the management effectiveness. The following are pointed out: index of timely submission of the management object; index of timely fixation of the management object; index of timely acceptance of the management object. Introduction of these indicators allows characterizing the management effectiveness on the tasks fulfillment set for the government concerning the compliance with the budget legislation and the basics of the state budget policy for the next reporting period, approved by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine when drafting the State Budget Law. Using the proposed indexes of the management effectiveness, an integral index of the budget management effectiveness at the first stage of the budget process is calculated. It is argued that in 2004 there was a high efficiency of the budget management at the first stage of the budget process; in 2006, 2012, 2014, 2017 and 2018, the efficiency was average, and in 2010 and 2013, its efficiency was below average. The integral index of the budget management effectiveness at the first stage of the budget process was in the critical efficiency zone in 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2015, and 2016.It is proved that there is an average correlation between the integral index of the budget management effectiveness at the first stage of the budget process and (i) the number of changes made to the draft law; (ii) real GDP growth rate.
The purpose of the article is to determine the current tendencies in the change of religious views of young people by selected countries of the world, as well as to analyze such views among the student youth of Ukraine on the basis of the carried out survey. It is defined that on a global scale there are significant changes in the structure of believers and in the distribution of the population of countries according to beliefs. A large number of both adults and young people refuse religiosity. This tendency is observed in America and many European countries. Especially among young people it becomes popular to be an atheist. The decrease in religiosity also means a decrease in the frequency of visits to religious institutions and practicing prayers. On the other hand, there are countries with a very high level of believers. These are, first of all, religious centers such as Italy and Israel. It is prognosticated that the fertility rate of women of different religions and the age distribution of religious groups will undergo radical changes. The increase in the birth rate among Muslims will lead to the fact that the number of Muslims in the world in 30 years will approach the number of Christians. At this, the number of adherents of other religions will begin to decline, and their average age will grow rapidly. The analysis, carried out in the course of the research of the views of student youth of Ukraine, showed that most of them are believers and orthodox. At the same time, religions and cults that have been popularized by films and TV series are becoming popular. It is determined that most parents of students are also believers and orthodox. Still, the number of believing parents is greater than the number of believing students. It is determined that the majority of students choose the religion of both parents, which indicates the significant influence of parents on the religious views of students. It is defined that believing students have fewer bad habits, and they are much more likely to participate in charitable projects and events.
In the article, the main attention is paid to the development of methodological principles of statistical modeling of factors for the formation of employment quality. The necessity of developing a new strategy in the formation of employment quality to ensure effective socioeconomic development of Ukraine is substantiated. The necessary steps and management decisions are determined. The problems of assessing the quality of employment in Ukraine are outlined, the main stage of which is the modeling of factors for the formation of employment quality using modern statistical methods. In order to define the generalized factors of employment quality formation, a model of the main components is constructed, allowing to transform the 18-dimensional sign space into a five-dimensional space of generalized factors that explain 87.6% of the variation in the selected features, which indicates a high level of factorization. Five main factors are identified and ranked according to the degree of importance: the level of informatization of society (contribution – 41.7%), working conditions and the environment (26.3%), informal employment (8.2%), industrial injuries with fatal consequences (6.3%), and the employment rate (5.1%). The computations were carried out using the application package «Statistica», in particular the module «Factor analysis». The use of the developed model makes it possible to prevent subjectivism in determining the main factors in the formation of employment quality. The conducted study provided to substantiate the theoretical-methodological principles of statistical modeling of factors for the formation of employment quality on the basis of the method of the main components. The identified factors can be taken as a basis for the formation of key directions of improvement of the employment sphere in Ukraine.
The process of adaption of the national law to the law of EU in “Statistics” field and the effectiveness of its practical implementation in 2014–2020 in the two dimensions – harmonization of the Ukrainian law on statistics with the law of EU and harmonization of the national statistical methodology with the EU methodology – was investigated as part of the monitoring of the implementation of Association Agreement between Ukraine, on the one part, and the European Union, European Atomic Energy Community and their Member State, on the other part. The analysis revealed that the State Statistics Service of Ukraine had devoted considerable effort to the implementation of commitments fixed in the Association Agreement between Ukraine and EU in “Statistics” concerning these two dimensions. It includes the elaboration of draft Laws of Ukraine “Official Statistics” and “Amendments of Some Laws of Ukraine Regulating the Official Statistical Activties”, which have passed through all the necessary debate and hearings, but still have to be brought to consideration of the session of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. It is stressed that to harmonize the national statistical methodology with the methodology of EU and carry out the tasks envisaged in the action plan for implementation of the Association between Ukraine and EU in the section “Statistics and Information Exchange”, approved by the decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, the State Statistics Service of Ukraine has elaborated and approved the methodological guidelines on organization of the official statistical observation “Uses and reserves of fuels”, the technique for assessment of the final energy consumption by households by purpose, based on methods of mathematical modelling, the methodological guidelines for the official statistical observation of the network and activities of education institutions, the methodological guidelines for making typology of agricultural producers, the technique for estimating the indicators of social exclusion and poverty by living conditions, the methodological guidelines on organization of the official statistical observation of tourists and one day visitors in the state border checkpoints (for incoming tourism), the methodological guidelines on organization of the official statistical observation of the activities of collective accommodation facilities. Also, the Program for the Official Statistics Development till 2023 has been elaborated. The further steps towards harmonization of the Ukrainian law on statistics and the national statistical methodology with the law and methodology of EU are outlined.
Обґрунтовано актуальність статистичного оцінювання та моделювання інвестиційної привабливості України. Зазначено, що важливу роль щодо залучення іноземного капіталу відіграє інвестиційний клімат країни. Існує низка проблем в частині інвестиційного менеджменту, зокрема, недосконалість нормативно-правового законодавства України, наростаючі фінансові ризики, низька інвестиційна активність власних інвесторів тощо. В ході аналізу встановлено, що показники експортно-імпортної діяльності країни суттєво впливають на залучення прямих іноземних інвестицій. Так, у 2020 р. порівняно з 2015 р. рівень прямих іноземних інвестицій у ВВП зменшився на 45%, що було спричинено негативним впливом імпортної квоти України, що становила 57% у 2015 р. та 40,4% у 2020 р., відповідно. Для оцінювання рівномірності територіального розподілу прямих іноземних інвестицій в Україні обчислено коефіцієнти локалізації та концентрації, які засвідчили про високий ступінь концентрації прямих іноземних інвестицій в окремих регіонах України, а саме в м. Київ (6,36) та Дніпропетровській (1,23) області. Нерівномірність розподілу частки ПІІ та частки зайнятого населення підтверджує розрахований коефіцієнт концентрації, що становить 0,48. Авторами здійснено кластерний аналіз регіонів України за інвестиційною привабливістю. До першого кластеру віднесено Дніпропетровську та Донецьку області, як промислові центри України, що характеризуються потужним виробничим потенціалом. Київ віднесено до окремого кластеру, як нетиповий регіон, що займає вигідне економіко-географічне положення, має добре розвинену інфраструктуру, потужний промисловий комплекс, високі показники соціально-економічного розвитку тощо. До другого кластеру віднесено всі решта (22) регіони України, які утворюють однорідну групу із середніми значеннями досліджуваних показників. Проаналізовано взаємозалежність між обсягами прямих іноземних інвестицій та макроекономічними показниками: обсягом експорту та імпорту, ВВП, курсом долара США, індексом споживчих цін, фактором часу. За результатами кореляційного аналізу встановлені висококорельовані змінні, які було вилучено з аналізу. Побудовано дві моделі, що описують взаємозв’язок ПІІ з показниками ЗЕД.
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