S U M M A R YMixtures of legumes and cereals in various proportions (seed ratios) were evaluated in Northern Syria for forage production and quality and for yield of barley grain in the following year. Both a vetch-cereal and pea-cereal mix were tested in proportions of 0:100, 33:66, 50:50, 66:33 and 100:0. The study was carried out between 1982 and 1985, covering two seasons for forage production and two for grain production. Dry matter yields of the mixtures exceeded the yield of either one or both components of the mixture grown as pure stands, depending on the rainfall. The maximum overall yield and quality of forage was recorded for the 66:33 legumecereal combination. The greatest benefit to subsequent barley grain yield was realized when the legume was grown in a pure stand or formed a high proportion (66:33) of the mixture. Herbage quality was better in forages containing vetch than in those containing pea. R E S U M E N -S U M A R I OSe evaluaron, en Siria del Norte, mezclas de legumbres y cereales en varias proporciones (tasas de semillas) para produccion de forraje asi como calidad y rendimiento de grano de cebada en el ano siguiente. Se experimento con una mezcla de cereal de chi'charo con cereal de alverja en proporciones de 0:100, 33:66, 50:50, 66:33 y 100:0. El estudio se llevo a cabo entre los anos 1982 y 1985, cubriendo dos estaciones para produccion de forraje y dos estaciones para produccion de granos. Dependiendo de la cantidad de lluvia cai'da, el rendimiento de materia seca de las mezclas excedio el rendimiento, ya sea de uno o de los dos componentes de la mezcla cuando fueron cultivados individualmente. En su conjunto el maximo rendimiento y calidad de forraje se registro en la combination legumbre-cereal en la proportion 66:33. El mayor beneficio para el rendimiento de grano de cebada subsiguiente, se produjo cuando la legumbre se cultivo en forma individual o cuando constitui'a una alta proporcion de la mezcla (66:33). La calidad del herbaje fue mejor en forrajes que conteni'an alverjas que en aquellos que contenian chicharos.
The nutritive value and yield of forage legumes and barley harvested as immature herbage, hay and straw were measured in two experiments. The voluntary feed intake of peas at all stages of maturity and immature herbage from woollypod vetch was substantially lower than that of common vetch and chickling. At each stage of maturity barley was less digestible than all the forages except immature peas. Despite exceptionally cold weather in February/March 1985, yields of common vetch were higher in 1984/85 than in 1985/86 when there was less rain. Peas yielded the most hay, and chickling yielded less seed and straw than common vetch, peas and barley. Yields of digestible dry matter from straw and seed exceeded those from hay but protein yield at the two stages was similar. Mechanical baling substantially reduced the yields of baled hay but these losses would be reduced to less than 10% if the residues were grazed. E. F. Thomson, S. Rihawi y N. Nersoyan: Valor nutritivo y rendimientos de algunas leguminosas forrajeras y la cebada cosechados como herbaje inmaduro, heno y paja en al noroeste de Stria.R E S U M E N Se realizaron dos experimentos para medir el valor nutritivo y el rendimiento de las leguminosas forrajeras y la cebada cosechados como herbaje, heno y paja. La toma de alimento voluntaria de las arvejas en todas las etapas de madurez y el herbaje inmaduro de veza de vaina lanuda fue bastante inferior a la de la veza comun y la guija. En cada etapa de madurez, la cebada resulto menos digerible que todos los forrajes salvo las arvejas inmaduras. A pesar de un clima de excepcional fri'o en febrero/marzo de 1985, los rendimientos de la veza comun fueron superiores en 1984/85 a los correspondientes a 1985/86, cuando hubo menos precipitaciones. Las arvejas produjeron la mayor cantidad de heno, y la guija produjo menos semilla y paja que la veza comun, la arveja y la cebada. Los rendimientos de materia seca digerible en las dos etapas fueron similares. El prensado mecanico redujo considerablemente los rendimientos del heno prensado pero estas perdidas se reduciri'an a menos del 10% si se pastaran los residuos.
There is a need to quantify the effects on soil N of introducing different legumes into the farming systems of West Asia and North Africa. This paper presents 6 years results from an on-going experiment aimed at examining the productivity of several crop/livestock farming systems in north west Syria. Changes in total soil N and organic matter when either medic pasture (3 stocking rates), vetch, lentil, fallow or watermelon were rotated yearly with wheat were examined. In addition, in the sixth year of the experiment, mineral N levels in the soil and the N content of the wheat and legumes shoots were determined in order to formulate a simple N balance for each rotation. Medic pasture and vetch rotations increased total soil N and the organic matter content of the soil. Lentil had no effect on total soil N or the organic matter content. Total soil N also remained constant in the fallow rotation, but organic matter content of the soil tended to decrease. The changes in soil properties had implications for the long term production from the different rotations, and highlighted the importance of retaining legume residues for maintaining fertility.
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