The aim of this study is to assess whether the dental caries experience is higher in children with an autistic disorder (AD) than in normal children. Three schools for autistic children and three standard elementary schools in Istanbul, Turkey, were included in a cross-sectional study. Subjects were orally examined. Socio-demographic information and data about their oral care habits were obtained from their parents from records. Sixty-two children with AD and 301 children without AD were examined. Their ages varied between 6 and 12 years. Children with AD compared to those without AD had lower experience of caries. Logistic regression analysis of DMFT showed that the dental status was positively affected in younger children (OR = 15.57; 95% CI 7.62, 31.80), children from families with high income (OR = 5.42; 95% CI 2.31, 12.75), children brushing teeth regularly (OR = 2.01, 95% CI 1.10, 3.68), children consuming less sugar (OR = 5.01; 95% CI 2.57, 9.76) and in those with AD (OR=3.99; 95% CI 1.56, 10.19). Children with AD had better caries status than children without AD at younger ages.

To evaluate significant caries (SiC) index values and related factors in Turkish children aged 5-6 years old, children from 5 nursery schools in Istanbul were included in a cross-sectional study. Sociodemographic information and data about oral care habits were obtained from the records and from parents. Of 542 students examined, the mean decayed/missing/filled primary teeth (dmft) index was 3.74 (SD 3.49) and the SiC index was 7.75 (SD 2.56). About 76.8% of the children had experienced dental caries. Logistic regression analysis of the SiC index for dmft showed that risk factors for poor dental status were low mother's education (OR 2.04) and irregular toothbrushing versus once-a-day brushing (OR 4.09) or twice-a-day brushing (OR 4.20). Valeurs d'indice significatif de caries et facteurs associés chez les enfants âgés de 5 à 6 ans à Istanbul (Turquie)RÉSUMÉ Afin d'évaluer les valeurs d'indice significatif de caries (SiC, pour Significant Caries index) et les facteurs associés chez les enfants turcs âgés de 5 à 6 ans, une étude transversale a été réalisée sur les enfants de cinq écoles maternelles d'Istanbul. Les informations sociodémographiques et les données sur les habitudes d'hygiène bucco-dentaire provenaient des dossiers dentaires et des parents. Sur 542 écoliers examinés, l'indice CAO moyen (dent de lait cariée, absente ou obturée) était de 3,74 (E.T. 3,49) et l'indice SiC de 7,75 (E.T. 2,56). Environ 76,8 % des enfants avaient eu des caries dentaires. L'analyse de régression logistique de l'indice SiC par rapport à l'indice CAO a montré que les facteurs de risque associés à une mauvaise santé bucco-dentaire étaient un faible niveau d'instruction de la mère (OR 2,04) et un brossage des dents irrégulier, comparé à un brossage une fois par jour (OR 4,09) ou deux fois par jour (OR 4,20

The aim of this study was to evaluate risk factors of dental caries in preschool children in Istanbul. Five nursery schools in Istanbul were included and results of 598 students' were collected. Subjects were orally examined. Socio-demographic data were obtained from the records and from parents. Oral examination data were recorded on examination forms in accordance with the WHO criteria. Bivariate analyses were conducted using chi-square test Multivariate analyses were then performed to estimate the simultaneous impact of the independent variables on dft. Logistic regression analysis was performed in stages. In the study, while although the percentage of children had 60% caries and 0 results at the age of 3, this percentage drops to 15.3% at the age 6. 36%Thirty-six percent of the students have insufficient oral hygiene. Statistically meaningful difference was ascertained in chi-square analysis related to age, mother's education level, and father's occupation. When the variables with statistically meaningful difference are estimated with logistic regression analysis, the age and father's father's occupation turned out to be the risk indicators that affect dft level.

These findings suggest that it may be more useful to use the FS-T index with the DMFT index in studies comparing dental status between countries.

Background: The true prevalence of Haemophilus influenzae carriage rates in Turkey is unknown. As surveillance of pharyngeal carriage of resistant strains is important for initiating adequate empirical antimicrobial therapy, with the present study, we aimed to determine the carriage rates and antimicrobial resistance patterns of H. influenzae isolated from healthy children attending day care centers (DCCs) in Istanbul, Turkey. Methods: A total of 195 healthy children were included from two DCCs. Pharyngeal swabs were cultured for H. influenzae which were identified according to standard microbiologic procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed by the agar dilution method in accordance with the guidelines of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory standards. β-Lactamase production was determined by the nitrocefin disc test. Results: The average pharyngeal carriage rate of H. influenzae was determined as 48.7%: 7.2% type b, 7.6% other capsulated strains, 33.9% noncapsulated strains, with a carriage peak between 0 and 11 months (68.1%). The ampicillin resistance observed in 7.3% of H. influenzae isolates was associated with a presence of β-lactamase, except for one isolate which was interpreted as β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant strain. The resistance of H. influenzae to sulbactam/ampicillin, cefuroxime, azithromycin, tetracycline and cotrimoxazole was 0.5, 1.5, 0.5, 2.9 and 28.6%, respectively. Cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin and imipenem resistance was not detected. Conclusion: Our data show that the upper respiratory tract of about 48.7% of children was colonized with H. influenzae. This high colonization rate indicates that there is a need for surveillance of pharyngeal carriage of resistant strains in healthy Turkish children attending DCCs.